United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Market Report 2019

Table of Contents

United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Market Report2019
1 Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Overview
1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles
1.2 Classification of Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles by Product Category
1.2.1 United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Market Size (Sales Volume) Comparison by Type (2014-2024)
1.2.2 United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Market Size (Sales Volume) Market Share by Type (Product Category) in 2018
1.2.3 AC Motors
1.2.4 DC Motors
1.3 United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Market by Application/End Users
1.3.1 United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Market Size (Consumption) and Market Share Comparison by Application (2014-2024)
1.3.2 Passenger Vehicles
1.3.3 Commercial Vehicles
1.4 United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Market by Region
1.4.1 United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Market Size (Value) Comparison by Region (2014-2024)
1.4.2 The West Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Status and Prospect (2014-2024)
1.4.3 Southwest Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Status and Prospect (2014-2024)
1.4.4 The Middle Atlantic Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Status and Prospect (2014-2024)
1.4.5 New England Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Status and Prospect (2014-2024)
1.4.6 The South Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Status and Prospect (2014-2024)
1.4.7 The Midwest Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Status and Prospect (2014-2024)
1.5 United States Market Size (Value and Volume) of Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles (2014-2024)
1.5.1 United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
1.5.2 United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2024)

2 United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Market Competition by Players/Suppliers
2.1 United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales and Market Share of Key Players/Suppliers (2014-2019)
2.2 United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Revenue and Share by Players/Suppliers (2014-2019)
2.3 United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Average Price by Players/Suppliers (2014-2019)
2.4 United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Market Competitive Situation and Trends
2.4.1 United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Market Concentration Rate
2.4.2 United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Market Share of Top 3 and Top 5 Players/Suppliers
2.4.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion in United States Market
2.5 United States Players/Suppliers Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area, Product Type

3 United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales (Volume) and Revenue (Value) by Region (2014-2019)
3.1 United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales and Market Share by Region (2014-2019)
3.2 United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Revenue and Market Share by Region (2014-2019)
3.3 United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Price by Region (2014-2019)

4 United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales (Volume) and Revenue (Value) by Type (Product Category) (2014-2019)
4.1 United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales and Market Share by Type (Product Category) (2014-2019)
4.2 United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Revenue and Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
4.3 United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Price by Type (2014-2019)
4.4 United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Growth Rate by Type (2014-2019)

5 United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales (Volume) by Application (2014-2019)
5.1 United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales and Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
5.2 United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Growth Rate by Application (2014-2019)
5.3 Market Drivers and Opportunities

6 United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Players/Suppliers Profiles and Sales Data
6.1 Allied Motion Technologies
6.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
6.1.2 Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Product Category, Application and Specification
6.1.2.1 Product A
6.1.2.2 Product B
6.1.3 Allied Motion Technologies Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
6.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.2 Ametek
6.2.2 Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Product Category, Application and Specification
6.2.2.1 Product A
6.2.2.2 Product B
6.2.3 Ametek Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
6.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.3 ARC Systems
6.3.2 Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Product Category, Application and Specification
6.3.2.1 Product A
6.3.2.2 Product B
6.3.3 ARC Systems Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
6.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.4 Baldor Electric
6.4.2 Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Product Category, Application and Specification
6.4.2.1 Product A
6.4.2.2 Product B
6.4.3 Baldor Electric Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
6.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.5 Bosch
6.5.2 Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Product Category, Application and Specification
6.5.2.1 Product A
6.5.2.2 Product B
6.5.3 Bosch Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
6.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.6 Denso
6.6.2 Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Product Category, Application and Specification
6.6.2.1 Product A
6.6.2.2 Product B
6.6.3 Denso Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
6.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.7 Emerson Electric
6.7.2 Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Product Category, Application and Specification
6.7.2.1 Product A
6.7.2.2 Product B
6.7.3 Emerson Electric Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
6.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.8 Faulhaber Group
6.8.2 Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Product Category, Application and Specification
6.8.2.1 Product A
6.8.2.2 Product B
6.8.3 Faulhaber Group Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
6.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.9 Johnson Electric Holding
6.9.2 Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Product Category, Application and Specification
6.9.2.1 Product A
6.9.2.2 Product B
6.9.3 Johnson Electric Holding Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
6.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.10 Maxon Motor
6.10.2 Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Product Category, Application and Specification
6.10.2.1 Product A
6.10.2.2 Product B
6.10.3 Maxon Motor Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
6.10.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.11 Siemens
6.12 Toshiba

7 Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Manufacturing Cost Analysis
7.1 Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Key Raw Materials Analysis
7.1.1 Key Raw Materials
7.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
7.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
7.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
7.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
7.2.1 Raw Materials
7.2.2 Labor Cost
7.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
7.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles

8 Industrial Chain, Sourcing Strategy and Downstream Buyers
8.1 Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Industrial Chain Analysis
8.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
8.3 Raw Materials Sources of Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Major Manufacturers in 2018
8.4 Downstream Buyers

9 Marketing Strategy Analysis, Distributors/Traders
9.1 Marketing Channel
9.1.1 Direct Marketing
9.1.2 Indirect Marketing
9.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
9.2 Market Positioning
9.2.1 Pricing Strategy
9.2.2 Brand Strategy
9.2.3 Target Client
9.3 Distributors/Traders List

10 Market Effect Factors Analysis
10.1 Technology Progress/Risk
10.1.1 Substitutes Threat
10.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry
10.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change
10.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change

11 United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Market Size (Value and Volume) Forecast (2019-2024)
11.1 United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Volume, Revenue Forecast (2019-2024)
11.2 United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Volume Forecast by Type (2019-2024)
11.3 United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Volume Forecast by Application (2019-2024)
11.4 United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Volume Forecast by Region (2019-2024)

12 Research Findings and Conclusion

13 Appendix
13.1 Methodology/Research Approach
13.1.1 Research Programs/Design
13.1.2 Market Size Estimation
13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.2 Data Source
13.2.1 Secondary Sources
13.2.2 Primary Sources
13.3 Disclaimer



List of Tables and Figures

Figure Product Picture of Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles
Figure United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Market Size (K Units) by Type (2014-2024)
Figure United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Volume Market Share by Type (Product Category) in 2018
Figure AC Motors Product Picture
Figure DC Motors Product Picture
Figure United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Market Size (K Units) by Application (2014-2024)
Figure United States Sales Market Share of Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles by Application in 2018
Figure Passenger Vehicles Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Passenger Vehicles
Figure Commercial Vehicles Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Commercial Vehicles
Figure United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Market Size (Million USD) by Region (2014-2024)
Figure The West Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Southwest Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure The Middle Atlantic Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure New England Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure The South of US Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure The Midwest Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Market Major Players Product Sales Volume (K Units) (2014-2019)
Table United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales (K Units) of Key Players/Suppliers (2014-2019)
Table United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Share by Players/Suppliers (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Share by Players/Suppliers
Figure 2019 United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Share by Players/Suppliers
Figure United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Market Major Players Product Revenue (Million USD) (2014-2019)
Table United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Revenue (Million USD) by Players/Suppliers (2014-2019)
Table United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Revenue Share by Players/Suppliers (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Revenue Share by Players/Suppliers
Figure 2019 United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Revenue Share by Players/Suppliers
Table United States Market Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Players/Suppliers (2014-2019)
Figure United States Market Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Players/Suppliers in 2018
Figure United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Market Share of Top 3 Players/Suppliers
Figure United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Market Share of Top 5 Players/Suppliers
Table United States Players/Suppliers Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Manufacturing Base Distribution and Sales Area
Table United States Players/Suppliers Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Product Category
Table United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales (K Units) by Region (2014-2019)
Table United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Share by Region (2014-2019)
Figure United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Share by Region (2014-2019)
Figure United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Market Share by Region in 2018
Table United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Region (2014-2019)
Table United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Revenue Share by Region (2014-2019)
Figure United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Revenue Market Share by Region (2014-2019)
Figure United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Revenue Market Share by Region in 2018
Table United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Price (USD/Unit) by Region (2014-2019)
Table United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales (K Units) by Type (2014-2019)
Table United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Market Share by Type in 2018
Table United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
Table United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Revenue Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles by Type (2014-2019)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles by Type in 2018
Table United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Price (USD/Unit) by Types (2014-2019)
Figure United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Growth Rate by Type (2014-2019)
Table United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales (K Units) by Application (2014-2019)
Table United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Market Share by Application in 2018
Table United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Growth Rate by Application (2014-2019)
Figure United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Growth Rate by Application (2014-2019)
Table Allied Motion Technologies Basic Information List
Table Allied Motion Technologies Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Figure Allied Motion Technologies Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Allied Motion Technologies Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Market Share in United States (2014-2019)
Figure Allied Motion Technologies Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Revenue Market Share in United States (2014-2019)
Table Ametek Basic Information List
Table Ametek Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Figure Ametek Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Ametek Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Market Share in United States (2014-2019)
Figure Ametek Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Revenue Market Share in United States (2014-2019)
Table ARC Systems Basic Information List
Table ARC Systems Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Figure ARC Systems Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure ARC Systems Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Market Share in United States (2014-2019)
Figure ARC Systems Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Revenue Market Share in United States (2014-2019)
Table Baldor Electric Basic Information List
Table Baldor Electric Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Figure Baldor Electric Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Baldor Electric Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Market Share in United States (2014-2019)
Figure Baldor Electric Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Revenue Market Share in United States (2014-2019)
Table Bosch Basic Information List
Table Bosch Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Figure Bosch Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Bosch Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Market Share in United States (2014-2019)
Figure Bosch Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Revenue Market Share in United States (2014-2019)
Table Denso Basic Information List
Table Denso Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Figure Denso Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Denso Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Market Share in United States (2014-2019)
Figure Denso Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Revenue Market Share in United States (2014-2019)
Table Emerson Electric Basic Information List
Table Emerson Electric Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Figure Emerson Electric Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Emerson Electric Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Market Share in United States (2014-2019)
Figure Emerson Electric Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Revenue Market Share in United States (2014-2019)
Table Faulhaber Group Basic Information List
Table Faulhaber Group Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Figure Faulhaber Group Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Faulhaber Group Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Market Share in United States (2014-2019)
Figure Faulhaber Group Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Revenue Market Share in United States (2014-2019)
Table Johnson Electric Holding Basic Information List
Table Johnson Electric Holding Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Figure Johnson Electric Holding Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Johnson Electric Holding Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Market Share in United States (2014-2019)
Figure Johnson Electric Holding Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Revenue Market Share in United States (2014-2019)
Table Maxon Motor Basic Information List
Table Maxon Motor Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Figure Maxon Motor Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Maxon Motor Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Market Share in United States (2014-2019)
Figure Maxon Motor Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Revenue Market Share in United States (2014-2019)
Table Siemens Basic Information List
Table Toshiba Basic Information List
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles
Figure Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Major Players/Suppliers in 2018
Table Major Buyers of Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Volume (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2024)
Figure United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2024)
Figure United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Price (USD/Unit) Trend Forecast (2019-2024)
Table United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Type (2019-2024)
Figure United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Type (2019-2024)
Figure United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Type in 2024
Table United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Application (2019-2024)
Figure United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Application (2019-2024)
Figure United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Application in 2024
Table United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Region (2019-2024)
Table United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Volume Share Forecast by Region (2019-2024)
Figure United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Volume Share Forecast by Region (2019-2024)
Figure United States Automotive Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles Sales Volume Share Forecast by Region in 2024
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources