The Aescuven Forte Market report offers perceptive information regarding drivers, restraints, opportunities, and trends of the Aescuven Forte Market. With the use of historic data from (period), the Aescuven Forte Market report offers Y-o-Y growth and CAGR until 2026. The insightful data offered in the report makes it an invaluable resource for industry executives, marketing, sales and product managers, consultants, analysts and stakeholders that are in search of major industry information in ready-to-access documents with clearly presented tables and graphs.
The global market for Aescuven Forte Market is expected to witness a CAGR of xx% over the forecast period 2020-2026 and is expected to reach US$ xx million in 2026, from US$ xx million in 2020.
The various contributors involved in the value chain of the product include manufacturers, suppliers, distributors, intermediaries, and customers.
The key manufacturers in this market include
On the basis of region, the market is divided into:
- North America (U.S. and Canada)
- Latin America (Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Columbia, and Rest of Latin America)
- Europe (Germany, the U.K., France, Russia, Italy, and Rest of Europe)
- Asia Pacific (China, Japan, South Korea, India, Southeast Asia, and Rest of Asia Pacific)
- Middle East (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, and Rest of Middle East)
- Africa (North Africa, Central Africa, and South Africa)
By the product type, the market is primarily segmented into
By the End-user Applications, the market is primarily segmented into
We can also provide the customized separate regional or country-level reports, for the following regions:
- North America
- United States
- Canada
- Mexico
- Asia Pacific
- China
- Japan
- South Korea
- India
- Australia
- Indonesia
- Thailand
- Malaysia
- Philippines
- Vietnam
- Europe
- Germany
- France
- UK
- Italy
- Russia
- Central & South America
- Middle East & Africa
- Turkey
- GCC Countries
- Egypt
- South Africa
Key Highlights of the Report:
- Growth opportunities in the global Aescuven Forte Market across major regions during the forecast period.
- Role of emerging markets in the global Aescuven Forte Market and the scenario during the 2020-2026.
- Technological and product developments that influence growth of the market.
- New trends and advancements in the global Aescuven Forte Market.
- Insight on various product types and their respective market shares in the overall market.
The report offers you perceptive data of the market and highlights its commercial landscape and pivotal factors that propel and hinder the market growth. It also evaluates production processes, major bottlenecks, and solutions to reduce risks associated with R&D and focuses on major growth strategies adopted by leading market players. The report accurately projects the global market value and regional share during the forecast period
For the data information by region, company, type and application, 2020 is considered as the base year. Whenever data information was unavailable for the base year, the prior year has been considered.
Key Stakeholders
- Raw material suppliers
- Distributors/traders/wholesalers/suppliers
- Regulatory bodies, including government agencies and NGO
- Commercial research & development (R&D) institutions
- Importers and exporters
- Government organizations, research organizations, and consulting firms
- Trade associations and industry bodies
- End-use industries
Available Customizations
At Worldwide Market Reports we offer tailored researches to help our clients stay ahead in competition.
Table of Contents
1 Study Coverage
1.1 Aescuven Forte Product Introduction
1.2 Market Segments
1.3 Key Manufacturers Covered
1.4 Market by Type
1.4.1 Global Aescuven Forte Market Size Growth Rate by Type
1.4.2 40 Tablets
1.4.3 20 Tablets
1.5 Market by Application
1.5.1 Global Aescuven Forte Market Size Growth Rate by Application
1.5.2 Hospital
1.5.3 Clinic
1.6 Study Objectives
1.7 Years Considered
2 Executive Summary
2.1 Global Aescuven Forte Market Size
2.1.1 Global Aescuven Forte Revenue 2014-2025
2.1.2 Global Aescuven Forte Sales 2014-2025
2.2 Aescuven Forte Growth Rate by Regions
2.2.1 Global Aescuven Forte Sales by Regions
2.2.2 Global Aescuven Forte Revenue by Regions
3 Breakdown Data by Manufacturers
3.1 Aescuven Forte Sales by Manufacturers
3.1.1 Aescuven Forte Sales by Manufacturers
3.1.2 Aescuven Forte Sales Market Share by Manufacturers
3.2 Aescuven Forte Revenue by Manufacturers
3.2.1 Aescuven Forte Revenue by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
3.2.2 Aescuven Forte Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
3.3 Aescuven Forte Price by Manufacturers
3.4 Aescuven Forte Manufacturing Base Distribution, Product Types
3.4.1 Aescuven Forte Manufacturers Manufacturing Base Distribution, Headquarters
3.4.2 Manufacturers Aescuven Forte Product Type
3.4.3 Date of International Manufacturers Enter into Aescuven Forte Market
3.5 Manufacturers Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
4 Breakdown Data by Type
4.1 Global Aescuven Forte Sales by Type
4.2 Global Aescuven Forte Revenue by Type
4.3 Aescuven Forte Price by Type
5 Breakdown Data by Application
5.1 Overview
5.2 Global Aescuven Forte Breakdown Data by Application
6 North America
6.1 North America Aescuven Forte by Country
6.1.1 North America Aescuven Forte Sales by Country
6.1.2 North America Aescuven Forte Revenue by Country
6.1.3 United States
6.1.4 Canada
6.1.5 Mexico
6.2 North America Aescuven Forte by Type
6.3 North America Aescuven Forte by Application
7 Europe
7.1 Europe Aescuven Forte by Country
7.1.1 Europe Aescuven Forte Sales by Country
7.1.2 Europe Aescuven Forte Revenue by Country
7.1.3 Germany
7.1.4 France
7.1.5 UK
7.1.6 Italy
7.1.7 Russia
7.2 Europe Aescuven Forte by Type
7.3 Europe Aescuven Forte by Application
8 Asia Pacific
8.1 Asia Pacific Aescuven Forte by Region
8.1.1 Asia Pacific Aescuven Forte Sales by Region
8.1.2 Asia Pacific Aescuven Forte Revenue by Region
8.1.3 China
8.1.4 Japan
8.1.5 South Korea
8.1.6 India
8.1.7 Australia
8.1.8 Indonesia
8.1.9 Thailand
8.1.10 Malaysia
8.1.11 Philippines
8.1.12 Vietnam
8.2 Asia Pacific Aescuven Forte by Type
8.3 Asia Pacific Aescuven Forte by Application
9 Central & South America
9.1 Central & South America Aescuven Forte by Country
9.1.1 Central & South America Aescuven Forte Sales by Country
9.1.2 Central & South America Aescuven Forte Revenue by Country
9.1.3 Brazil
9.2 Central & South America Aescuven Forte by Type
9.3 Central & South America Aescuven Forte by Application
10 Middle East and Africa
10.1 Middle East and Africa Aescuven Forte by Country
10.1.1 Middle East and Africa Aescuven Forte Sales by Country
10.1.2 Middle East and Africa Aescuven Forte Revenue by Country
10.1.3 Turkey
10.1.4 GCC Countries
10.1.5 Egypt
10.1.6 South Africa
10.2 Middle East and Africa Aescuven Forte by Type
10.3 Middle East and Africa Aescuven Forte by Application
11 Company Profiles
11.1 Cesra Arzneimittel
11.1.1 Cesra Arzneimittel Company Details
11.1.2 Company Business Overview
11.1.3 Cesra Arzneimittel Aescuven Forte Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
11.1.4 Cesra Arzneimittel Aescuven Forte Products Offered
11.1.5 Cesra Arzneimittel Recent Development
12 Future Forecast
12.1 Aescuven Forte Market Forecast by Regions
12.1.1 Global Aescuven Forte Sales Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
12.1.2 Global Aescuven Forte Revenue Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
12.2 Aescuven Forte Market Forecast by Type
12.2.1 Global Aescuven Forte Sales Forecast by Type 2019-2025
12.2.2 Global Aescuven Forte Revenue Forecast by Type 2019-2025
12.3 Aescuven Forte Market Forecast by Application
12.4 North America Aescuven Forte Forecast
12.5 Europe Aescuven Forte Forecast
12.6 Asia Pacific Aescuven Forte Forecast
12.7 Central & South America Aescuven Forte Forecast
12.8 Middle East and Africa Aescuven Forte Forecast
13 Market Opportunities, Challenges, Risks and Influences Factors Analysis
13.1 Market Opportunities and Drivers
13.2 Market Challenges
13.3 Market Risks/Restraints
13.4 Macroscopic Indicators
14 Value Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
14.1 Value Chain Analysis
14.2 Aescuven Forte Customers
14.3 Sales Channels Analysis
14.3.1 Sales Channels
14.3.2 Distributors
15 Research Findings and Conclusion
16 Appendix
16.1 Research Methodology
16.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
16.1.2 Data Source
16.2 Author Details
16.3 Disclaimer
List of Table
List of Tables and Figures
Figure Aescuven Forte Product Picture
Table Aescuven Forte Market Segments
Table Key Manufacturers Aescuven Forte Covered
Table Global Aescuven Forte Market Size Growth Rate by Type 2019-2025 (K Units) & (Million US$)
Figure Global Aescuven Forte Sales Market Share by Type in 2018 & 2025
Figure 40 Tablets Product Picture
Table Major Manufacturers of 40 Tablets
Figure 20 Tablets Product Picture
Table Major Manufacturers of 20 Tablets
Table Global Aescuven Forte Market Size Growth Rate by Application 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Global Aescuven Forte 4900 Sales Market Share by Application in 2018
Figure Hospital
Figure Clinic
Figure Aescuven Forte Report Years Considered
Figure Global Aescuven Forte Market Size 2014-2025 (Million US$)
Figure Global Aescuven Forte Sales 2014-2025 (K Units)
Table Global Aescuven Forte Market Size by Regions 2014-2019 (K Units) & (Million US$)
Table Global Aescuven Forte Sales by Regions 2014-2019 (K Units)
Table Global Aescuven Forte Sales Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Aescuven Forte Sales Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure 2018 Global Aescuven Forte Sales Market Share by Regions
Table Global Aescuven Forte Revenue by Regions 2014-2019 (Million US$)
Table Global Aescuven Forte Revenue Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Aescuven Forte Revenue Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure 2018 Global Aescuven Forte Revenue Market Share by Regions
Table Global Aescuven Forte Sales by Manufacturers (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Global Aescuven Forte Sales Share by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Global Aescuven Forte Sales Share by Manufacturers in 2018
Table Global Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table Aescuven Forte Revenue by Manufacturers (2014-2019) (Million USD)
Table Aescuven Forte Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Aescuven Forte Value Share by Manufacturers in 2018
Table Key Manufacturers Aescuven Forte Price (2014-2019) (USD/Unit)
Table Aescuven Forte Manufacturers Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters
Table Manufacturers Aescuven Forte Product Type
Table Date of International Manufacturers Enter into Aescuven Forte Market
Table Manufacturers Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table Global Aescuven Forte Sales by Type (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Global Aescuven Forte Sales Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure Global Aescuven Forte Sales Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure Global Aescuven Forte Sales Market Share by Type in 2018
Table Global Aescuven Forte Revenue by Type (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Global Aescuven Forte Revenue Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure Global Aescuven Forte Revenue Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure Global Aescuven Forte Revenue Market Share by Type in 2018
Table Aescuven Forte Price by Type 2014-2019 (USD/Unit)
Table Global Aescuven Forte Sales by Application (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Global Aescuven Forte Sales Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure Global Sales Aescuven Forte Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure Global Sales Aescuven Forte Market Share by Application in 2018
Figure North America Aescuven Forte Sales Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure North America Aescuven Forte Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million US$)
Table North America Aescuven Forte Sales by Country (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table North America Aescuven Forte Sales Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 North America Aescuven Forte Sales Market Share by Country
Table North America Aescuven Forte Revenue by Country (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table North America Aescuven Forte Revenue Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 North America Aescuven Forte Revenue Market Share by Country
Figure United States Aescuven Forte Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure United States Aescuven Forte Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure Canada Aescuven Forte Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Canada Aescuven Forte Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure Mexico Aescuven Forte Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Mexico Aescuven Forte Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table North America Aescuven Forte Sales by Type (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table North America Aescuven Forte Sales Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 North America Aescuven Forte Market Share by Type
Table North America Aescuven Forte Sales by Application (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table North America Aescuven Forte Sales Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 North America Aescuven Forte Market Share by Application
Figure Europe Aescuven Forte Sales Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure Europe Aescuven Forte Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million US$)
Table Europe Aescuven Forte Sales by Country (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Europe Aescuven Forte Sales Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Europe Aescuven Forte Sales Market Share by Country
Table Europe Aescuven Forte Revenue by Country (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Europe Aescuven Forte Revenue Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Europe Aescuven Forte Revenue Market Share by Country
Figure Germany Aescuven Forte Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Germany Aescuven Forte Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure France Aescuven Forte Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure France Aescuven Forte Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure UK Aescuven Forte Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure UK Aescuven Forte Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure Italy Aescuven Forte Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Italy Aescuven Forte Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure Russia Aescuven Forte Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Russia Aescuven Forte Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Europe Aescuven Forte Sales by Type (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Europe Aescuven Forte Sales Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Europe Aescuven Forte Market Share by Type
Table Europe Aescuven Forte Sales by Application (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Europe Aescuven Forte Sales Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Europe Aescuven Forte Market Share by Application
Figure Asia Pacific Aescuven Forte Sales Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure Asia Pacific Aescuven Forte Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million US$)
Table Asia Pacific Aescuven Forte Sales by Region (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Asia Pacific Aescuven Forte Sales Market Share by Region (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Asia Pacific Aescuven Forte Sales Market Share by Region
Table Asia Pacific Aescuven Forte Revenue by Region (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Asia Pacific Aescuven Forte Revenue Market Share by Region (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Asia Pacific Aescuven Forte Revenue Market Share by Country
Figure China Aescuven Forte Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure China Aescuven Forte Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure Japan Aescuven Forte Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Japan Aescuven Forte Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure South Korea Aescuven Forte Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure South Korea Aescuven Forte Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure India Aescuven Forte Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure India Aescuven Forte Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure Australia Aescuven Forte Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Australia Aescuven Forte Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure Indonesia Aescuven Forte Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Indonesia Aescuven Forte Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure Thailand Aescuven Forte Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Thailand Aescuven Forte Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure Malaysia Aescuven Forte Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Malaysia Aescuven Forte Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure Philippines Aescuven Forte Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Philippines Aescuven Forte Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure Vietnam Aescuven Forte Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Vietnam Aescuven Forte Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Asia Pacific Aescuven Forte Sales by Type (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Asia Pacific Aescuven Forte Sales Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Asia Pacific Aescuven Forte Market Share by Type
Table Asia Pacific Aescuven Forte Sales by Application (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Asia Pacific Aescuven Forte Sales Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Asia Pacific Aescuven Forte Market Share by Application
Figure Central & South America Aescuven Forte Sales Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure Central & South America Aescuven Forte Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million US$)
Table Central & South America Aescuven Forte Sales by Country (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Central & South America Aescuven Forte Sales Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Central & South America Aescuven Forte Sales Market Share by Country
Table Central & South America Aescuven Forte Revenue by Country (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Central & South America Aescuven Forte Revenue Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Central & South America Aescuven Forte Revenue Market Share by Country
Figure Brazil Aescuven Forte Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Brazil Aescuven Forte Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Central & South America Aescuven Forte Sales by Type (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Central & South America Aescuven Forte Sales Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Central & South America Aescuven Forte Market Share by Type
Table Central & South America Aescuven Forte Sales by Application (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Central & South America Aescuven Forte Sales Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Central & South America Aescuven Forte Market Share by Application
Figure Middle East and Africa Aescuven Forte Sales Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure Middle East and Africa Aescuven Forte Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million US$)
Table Middle East and Africa Aescuven Forte Sales by Country (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Middle East and Africa Aescuven Forte Sales Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Middle East and Africa Aescuven Forte Sales Market Share by Country
Table Middle East and Africa Aescuven Forte Revenue by Country (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Middle East and Africa Aescuven Forte Revenue Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Middle East and Africa Aescuven Forte Revenue Market Share by Country
Figure Turkey Aescuven Forte Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Turkey Aescuven Forte Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure GCC Countries Aescuven Forte Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure GCC Countries Aescuven Forte Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure Egypt Aescuven Forte Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Egypt Aescuven Forte Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure South Africa Aescuven Forte Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure South Africa Aescuven Forte Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Middle East and Africa Aescuven Forte Sales by Type (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Middle East and Africa Aescuven Forte Sales Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Middle East and Africa Aescuven Forte Market Share by Type
Table Middle East and Africa Aescuven Forte Sales by Application (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Middle East and Africa Aescuven Forte Sales Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Middle East and Africa Aescuven Forte Market Share by Application
Table Cesra Arzneimittel Company Details
Table Cesra Arzneimittel Aescuven Forte Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Cesra Arzneimittel Recent Development
Table Global Aescuven Forte Sales Forecast by Regions 2019-2025 (K Units)
Table Global Aescuven Forte Sales Market Share Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
Table Global Aescuven Forte Revenue Forecast by Regions 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Table Global Aescuven Forte Revenue Market Share Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
Table Global Aescuven Forte Sales Forecast by Type 2019-2025 (K Units)
Table Global Aescuven Forte Sales Market Share Forecast by Type 2019-2025
Table Global Aescuven Forte Revenue Forecast by Type 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Table Global Aescuven Forte Revenue Market Share Forecast by Type 2019-2025
Table Global Aescuven Forte Sales Forecast by Application 2019-2025 (K Units)
Table Global Aescuven Forte Sales Market Share Forecast by Application 2019-2025
Figure North America Aescuven Forte Sales Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025) (K Units)
Figure North America Aescuven Forte Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025) (Million US$)
Figure Europe Aescuven Forte Sales Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025) (K Units)
Figure Europe Aescuven Forte Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025) (Million US$)
Figure Asia Pacific Aescuven Forte Sales Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025) (K Units)
Figure Asia Pacific Aescuven Forte Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025) (Million US$)
Figure Central & South America Aescuven Forte Sales Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025) (K Units)
Figure Central & South America Aescuven Forte Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025) (Million US$)
Figure Middle East and Africa Aescuven Forte Sales Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025) (K Units)
Figure Middle East and Africa Aescuven Forte Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025) (Million US$)
Table Key Opportunities and Drivers: Impact Analysis (2019-2025)
Table Key Challenges
Table Market Risks
Figure Porter's Five Forces Analysis
Table Aescuven Forte Value Chain
Table Aescuven Forte Customers List
Figure Channels of Distribution
Table Aescuven Forte Distributors List
Figure Distributors Profiles
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Figure Key Executives Interviewed
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources