The global Tubular Stranding Machines market is expected to reach US$ XX Million by 2027, with a CAGR of XX% from 2022 to 2027, based on HNY Research newly published report.
The prime objective of this report is to provide the insights on the post COVID-19 impact which will help market players in this field evaluate their business approaches. Also, this report covers market segmentation by major market verdors, types, applications/end users and geography(North America, East Asia, Europe, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Middle East, Africa, Oceania, South America).

By Market Verdors:
SKET Verseilmaschinenbau
Sarvasv Industrial Corporation
MFL GROUP
Kay Kay Industrial Corporation
Nova
Dujiangyan Minjiang Brothers Electromechanic Equipment
Miyazaki Machinery Systems
Excel Craft Machineries
Zhejiang Jinggong Construction Industry Group
Zenith Weldaids

By Types:
Speed Rotor ：＜400 rpm
Speed Rotor ：400-900 rpm
Speed Rotor ：＞900 rpm

By Applications:
Copper Strand
Aluminum-Alloy Strand
Aluminum Strand
Overhead Strands

Key Indicators Analysed
Market Players & Competitor Analysis: The report covers the key players of the industry including Company Profile, Product Specifications, Production Capacity/Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin 2016-2027 & Sales with a thorough analysis of the market's competitive landscape and detailed information on vendors and comprehensive details of factors that will challenge the growth of major market vendors.
Global and Regional Market Analysis: The report includes Global & Regional market status and outlook 2016-2027. Further the report provides break down details about each region & countries covered in the report. Identifying its sales, sales volume & revenue forecast. With detailed analysis by types and applications.
Market Trends: Market key trends which include Increased Competition and Continuous Innovations.
Opportunities and Drivers: Identifying the Growing Demands and New Technology
Porters Five Force Analysis: The report provides with the state of competition in industry depending on five basic forces: threat of new entrants, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of buyers, threat of substitute products or services, and existing industry rivalry.

Key Reasons to Purchase
To gain insightful analyses of the market and have comprehensive understanding of the global market and its commercial landscape.
Assess the production processes, major issues, and solutions to mitigate the development risk.
To understand the most affecting driving and restraining forces in the market and its impact in the global market.
Learn about the market strategies that are being adopted by leading respective organizations.
To understand the future outlook and prospects for the market.
Besides the standard structure reports, we also provide custom research according to specific requirements.

Chapter 1 Industry Overview
1.1 Definition
1.2 Assumptions
1.3 Research Scope
1.4 Market Analysis by Regions
1.4.1 North America Market States and Outlook (2022-2027)
1.4.2 East Asia Market States and Outlook (2022-2027)
1.4.3 Europe Market States and Outlook (2022-2027)
1.4.4 South Asia Market States and Outlook (2022-2027)
1.4.5 Southeast Asia Market States and Outlook (2022-2027)
1.4.6 Middle East Market States and Outlook (2022-2027)
1.4.7 Africa Market States and Outlook (2022-2027)
1.4.8 Oceania Market States and Outlook (2022-2027)
1.4.9 South America Market States and Outlook (2022-2027)
1.5 Global Tubular Stranding Machines Market Size Analysis from 2022 to 2027
1.5.1 Global Tubular Stranding Machines Market Size Analysis from 2022 to 2027 by Consumption Volume
1.5.2 Global Tubular Stranding Machines Market Size Analysis from 2022 to 2027 by Value
1.5.3 Global Tubular Stranding Machines Price Trends Analysis from 2022 to 2027
1.6 COVID-19 Outbreak: Tubular Stranding Machines Industry Impact
Chapter 2 Global Tubular Stranding Machines Competition by Types, Applications, and Top Regions and Countries
2.1 Global Tubular Stranding Machines (Volume and Value) by Type
2.1.1 Global Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption and Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
2.1.2 Global Tubular Stranding Machines Revenue and Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
2.2 Global Tubular Stranding Machines (Volume and Value) by Application
2.2.1 Global Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption and Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
2.2.2 Global Tubular Stranding Machines Revenue and Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
2.3 Global Tubular Stranding Machines (Volume and Value) by Regions
2.3.1 Global Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption and Market Share by Regions (2016-2021)
2.3.2 Global Tubular Stranding Machines Revenue and Market Share by Regions (2016-2021)
Chapter 3 Production Market Analysis
3.1 Global Production Market Analysis
3.1.1 2016-2021 Global Capacity, Production, Capacity Utilization Rate, Ex-Factory Price, Revenue, Cost, Gross and Gross Margin Analysis
3.1.2 2016-2021 Major Manufacturers Performance and Market Share
3.2 Regional Production Market Analysis
3.2.1 2016-2021 Regional Market Performance and Market Share
3.2.2 North America Market
3.2.3 East Asia Market
3.2.4 Europe Market
3.2.5 South Asia Market
3.2.6 Southeast Asia Market
3.2.7 Middle East Market
3.2.8 Africa Market
3.2.9 Oceania Market
3.2.10 South America Market
3.2.11 Rest of the World Market
Chapter 4 Global Tubular Stranding Machines Sales, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2016-2021)
4.1 Global Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption by Regions (2016-2021)
4.2 North America Tubular Stranding Machines Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2016-2021)
4.3 East Asia Tubular Stranding Machines Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2016-2021)
4.4 Europe Tubular Stranding Machines Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2016-2021)
4.5 South Asia Tubular Stranding Machines Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2016-2021)
4.6 Southeast Asia Tubular Stranding Machines Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2016-2021)
4.7 Middle East Tubular Stranding Machines Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2016-2021)
4.8 Africa Tubular Stranding Machines Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2016-2021)
4.9 Oceania Tubular Stranding Machines Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2016-2021)
4.10 South America Tubular Stranding Machines Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2016-2021)
Chapter 5 North America Tubular Stranding Machines Market Analysis
5.1 North America Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption and Value Analysis
5.1.1 North America Tubular Stranding Machines Market Under COVID-19
5.2 North America Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume by Types
5.3 North America Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Structure by Application
5.4 North America Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption by Top Countries
5.4.1 United States Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
5.4.2 Canada Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
5.4.3 Mexico Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
Chapter 6 East Asia Tubular Stranding Machines Market Analysis
6.1 East Asia Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption and Value Analysis
6.1.1 East Asia Tubular Stranding Machines Market Under COVID-19
6.2 East Asia Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume by Types
6.3 East Asia Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Structure by Application
6.4 East Asia Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption by Top Countries
6.4.1 China Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
6.4.2 Japan Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
6.4.3 South Korea Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
Chapter 7 Europe Tubular Stranding Machines Market Analysis
7.1 Europe Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption and Value Analysis
7.1.1 Europe Tubular Stranding Machines Market Under COVID-19
7.2 Europe Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume by Types
7.3 Europe Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Structure by Application
7.4 Europe Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption by Top Countries
7.4.1 Germany Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
7.4.2 UK Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
7.4.3 France Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
7.4.4 Italy Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
7.4.5 Russia Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
7.4.6 Spain Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
7.4.7 Netherlands Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
7.4.8 Switzerland Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
7.4.9 Poland Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
Chapter 8 South Asia Tubular Stranding Machines Market Analysis
8.1 South Asia Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption and Value Analysis
8.1.1 South Asia Tubular Stranding Machines Market Under COVID-19
8.2 South Asia Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume by Types
8.3 South Asia Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Structure by Application
8.4 South Asia Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption by Top Countries
8.4.1 India Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
8.4.2 Pakistan Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
8.4.3 Bangladesh Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
Chapter 9 Southeast Asia Tubular Stranding Machines Market Analysis
9.1 Southeast Asia Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption and Value Analysis
9.1.1 Southeast Asia Tubular Stranding Machines Market Under COVID-19
9.2 Southeast Asia Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume by Types
9.3 Southeast Asia Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Structure by Application
9.4 Southeast Asia Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption by Top Countries
9.4.1 Indonesia Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
9.4.2 Thailand Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
9.4.3 Singapore Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
9.4.4 Malaysia Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
9.4.5 Philippines Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
9.4.6 Vietnam Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
9.4.7 Myanmar Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
Chapter 10 Middle East Tubular Stranding Machines Market Analysis
10.1 Middle East Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption and Value Analysis
10.1.1 Middle East Tubular Stranding Machines Market Under COVID-19
10.2 Middle East Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume by Types
10.3 Middle East Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Structure by Application
10.4 Middle East Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption by Top Countries
10.4.1 Turkey Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
10.4.2 Saudi Arabia Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
10.4.3 Iran Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
10.4.4 United Arab Emirates Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
10.4.5 Israel Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
10.4.6 Iraq Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
10.4.7 Qatar Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
10.4.8 Kuwait Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
10.4.9 Oman Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
Chapter 11 Africa Tubular Stranding Machines Market Analysis
11.1 Africa Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption and Value Analysis
11.1.1 Africa Tubular Stranding Machines Market Under COVID-19
11.2 Africa Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume by Types
11.3 Africa Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Structure by Application
11.4 Africa Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption by Top Countries
11.4.1 Nigeria Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
11.4.2 South Africa Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
11.4.3 Egypt Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
11.4.4 Algeria Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
11.4.5 Morocco Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
Chapter 12 Oceania Tubular Stranding Machines Market Analysis
12.1 Oceania Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption and Value Analysis
12.2 Oceania Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume by Types
12.3 Oceania Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Structure by Application
12.4 Oceania Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption by Top Countries
12.4.1 Australia Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
12.4.2 New Zealand Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
Chapter 13 South America Tubular Stranding Machines Market Analysis
13.1 South America Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption and Value Analysis
13.1.1 South America Tubular Stranding Machines Market Under COVID-19
13.2 South America Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume by Types
13.3 South America Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Structure by Application
13.4 South America Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume by Major Countries
13.4.1 Brazil Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
13.4.2 Argentina Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
13.4.3 Columbia Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
13.4.4 Chile Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
13.4.5 Venezuela Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
13.4.6 Peru Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
13.4.7 Puerto Rico Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
13.4.8 Ecuador Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume from 2016 to 2021
Chapter 14 Company Profiles and Key Figures in Tubular Stranding Machines Business
14.1 SKET Verseilmaschinenbau
14.1.1 SKET Verseilmaschinenbau Company Profile
14.1.2 SKET Verseilmaschinenbau Tubular Stranding Machines Product Specification
14.1.3 SKET Verseilmaschinenbau Tubular Stranding Machines Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
14.2 Sarvasv Industrial Corporation
14.2.1 Sarvasv Industrial Corporation Company Profile
14.2.2 Sarvasv Industrial Corporation Tubular Stranding Machines Product Specification
14.2.3 Sarvasv Industrial Corporation Tubular Stranding Machines Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
14.3 MFL GROUP
14.3.1 MFL GROUP Company Profile
14.3.2 MFL GROUP Tubular Stranding Machines Product Specification
14.3.3 MFL GROUP Tubular Stranding Machines Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
14.4 Kay Kay Industrial Corporation
14.4.1 Kay Kay Industrial Corporation Company Profile
14.4.2 Kay Kay Industrial Corporation Tubular Stranding Machines Product Specification
14.4.3 Kay Kay Industrial Corporation Tubular Stranding Machines Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
14.5 Nova
14.5.1 Nova Company Profile
14.5.2 Nova Tubular Stranding Machines Product Specification
14.5.3 Nova Tubular Stranding Machines Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
14.6 Dujiangyan Minjiang Brothers Electromechanic Equipment
14.6.1 Dujiangyan Minjiang Brothers Electromechanic Equipment Company Profile
14.6.2 Dujiangyan Minjiang Brothers Electromechanic Equipment Tubular Stranding Machines Product Specification
14.6.3 Dujiangyan Minjiang Brothers Electromechanic Equipment Tubular Stranding Machines Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
14.7 Miyazaki Machinery Systems
14.7.1 Miyazaki Machinery Systems Company Profile
14.7.2 Miyazaki Machinery Systems Tubular Stranding Machines Product Specification
14.7.3 Miyazaki Machinery Systems Tubular Stranding Machines Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
14.8 Excel Craft Machineries
14.8.1 Excel Craft Machineries Company Profile
14.8.2 Excel Craft Machineries Tubular Stranding Machines Product Specification
14.8.3 Excel Craft Machineries Tubular Stranding Machines Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
14.9 Zhejiang Jinggong Construction Industry Group
14.9.1 Zhejiang Jinggong Construction Industry Group Company Profile
14.9.2 Zhejiang Jinggong Construction Industry Group Tubular Stranding Machines Product Specification
14.9.3 Zhejiang Jinggong Construction Industry Group Tubular Stranding Machines Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
14.10 Zenith Weldaids
14.10.1 Zenith Weldaids Company Profile
14.10.2 Zenith Weldaids Tubular Stranding Machines Product Specification
14.10.3 Zenith Weldaids Tubular Stranding Machines Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Chapter 15 Global Tubular Stranding Machines Market Forecast (2022-2027)
15.1 Global Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume, Revenue and Price Forecast (2022-2027)
15.1.1 Global Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
15.1.2 Global Tubular Stranding Machines Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
15.2 Global Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume, Value and Growth Rate Forecast by Region (2022-2027)
15.2.1 Global Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume and Growth Rate Forecast by Regions (2022-2027)
15.2.2 Global Tubular Stranding Machines Value and Growth Rate Forecast by Regions (2022-2027)
15.2.3 North America Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
15.2.4 East Asia Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
15.2.5 Europe Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
15.2.6 South Asia Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
15.2.7 Southeast Asia Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
15.2.8 Middle East Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
15.2.9 Africa Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
15.2.10 Oceania Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
15.2.11 South America Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
15.3 Global Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume, Revenue and Price Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
15.3.1 Global Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
15.3.2 Global Tubular Stranding Machines Revenue Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
15.3.3 Global Tubular Stranding Machines Price Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
15.4 Global Tubular Stranding Machines Consumption Volume Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
15.5 Tubular Stranding Machines Market Forecast Under COVID-19
Chapter 16 Conclusions
Research Methodology

Global Extrusion Blow Moulding Machines Market 2024...

The market for extrusion blow moulding machines is witnessing significant demand across regions due to the availability of a wide range of machines for various applications. The increasing demand for molded plastics in the medical and consumer goods sectors, coupled with a growing emphasis on plasti...

Global High-Speed Casino Chip Cleaning Machines Market Size, Key Players, Research Insights, Emerging Opportunities, COVID-19 Impact and Emerging Trends By 2030...

Overview of the Global High-Speed Casino Chip Cleaning Machines Market: The report discusses everything a marketer requires before investing in the global High-Speed Casino Chip Cleaning Machines Market during the f...

Global Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMMs) Market 2023...

Description The global coordinate measuring machine (CMM) market is poised for substantial growth in the coming years, as recent data projections indicate an anticipated increase of USD 1.5 billion, with a projected compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.2% by the end of 2029. Coordinate meas...

Global Home Snowmaking Machines Market Size, Key Players, Research Insights, Emerging Opportunities, COVID-19 Impact and Emerging Trends By 2030...

Overview of the Global Home Snowmaking Machines Market: The report discusses everything a marketer requires before investing in the global Home Snowmaking Machines Market during the forecast period 2023-2030. It pro...

Asia Pacific Neurosurgical Robotics Market 2022-2032 by Offering (Robotic Systems, Instruments and Accessories, Services), Equipment Type (Robot Machines, Navigation, Planners and Simulators, Others), Application (Spinal, Cranial), Surgery Type (Open, MIS), End User (Hospitals, ASCs, Others), and Country: Trend Forecast and Growth Opportunity...

Asia Pacific neurosurgical robotics market will grow by 20.6% annually with a total addressable market cap of $6.61 billion over 2023-2032, driven by the rising number of robot-based and computer-assisted neurosurgical procedures, the advantages of neurosurgical robots, technological innovation and ...

Europe Neurosurgical Robotics Market 2022-2032 by Offering (Robotic Systems, Instruments and Accessories, Services), Equipment Type (Robot Machines, Navigation, Planners and Simulators, Others), Application (Spinal, Cranial), Surgery Type (Open, MIS), End User (Hospitals, ASCs, Others), and Country: Trend Forecast and Growth Opportunity...

Europe neurosurgical robotics market was valued at $332.8 million in 2022 and will grow by 16.9% annually over 2022-2032, driven by the rising number of robot-based and computer-assisted neurosurgical procedures, the advantages of neurosurgical robots, technological innovation and growing R&D invest...

North America Neurosurgical Robotics Market 2022-2032 by Offering (Robotic Systems, Instruments and Accessories, Services), Equipment Type (Robot Machines, Navigation, Planners and Simulators, Others), Application (Spinal, Cranial), Surgery Type (Open, MIS), End User (Hospitals, ASCs, Others), and Country: Trend Forecast and Growth Opportunity...

North America neurosurgical robotics market is projected to grow by 16.4% annually in the forecast period and reach $3.53 billion by 2032, driven by the rising number of robot-based and computer-assisted neurosurgical procedures, the advantages of neurosurgical robots, technological innovation and g...

Global Neurosurgical Robotics Market 2022-2032 by Offering (Robotic Systems, Instruments and Accessories, Services), Equipment Type (Robot Machines, Navigation, Planners and Simulators, Others), Application (Spinal, Cranial), Surgery Type (Open, MIS), End User (Hospitals, ASCs, Others), and Region: Trend Forecast and Growth Opportunity...

Global neurosurgical robotics market will reach $6.7 billion by 2032, growing by 17.2% annually over 2022-2032, driven by the rising number of robot-based and computer-assisted neurosurgical procedures, the advantages of neurosurgical robots, technological innovation and growing R&D investment, and ...

Global Dog Wash Vending Machines Market Size, Key Players, Research Insights, Emerging Opportunities, COVID-19 Impact and Emerging Trends By 2030...

Overview of the Global Dog Wash Vending Machines Market: The report discusses everything a marketer requires before investing in the global Dog Wash Vending Machines Market during the forecast period 2023-2030. It p...

2023-2028 Global and Regional Rotary Friction Welding Machines Industry Status and Prospects Professional Market Research Report Standard Version...

The global Rotary Friction Welding Machines market is expected to reach US$ XX Million by 2028, with a CAGR of XX% from 2023 to 2028, based on HNY Research newly published report. The prime objective of this report is to provide the insights on the post COVID-19 impact which will help market pla...