2023-2028 Global and Regional Trivalent Chromium Finishing Industry Status and Prospects Professional Market Research Report Standard Version

  • Report Code : 977369
  • Pages : 168
  • Published On : Aug 2023
  • Industry : Chemicals and Materials
  • Format :

Choose License Type

Single User License: US$ 3,500
Multi User License: US$ 5,250
Corporate User License: US$ 7,000
The global Trivalent Chromium Finishing market is expected to reach US$ XX Million by 2028, with a CAGR of XX% from 2023 to 2028, based on HNY Research newly published report.
The prime objective of this report is to provide the insights on the post COVID-19 impact which will help market players in this field evaluate their business approaches. Also, this report covers market segmentation by major market verdors, types, applications/end users and geography(North America, East Asia, Europe, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Middle East, Africa, Oceania, South America).

By Market Verdors:
MacDermid Incorporated
Atotech Deutschland GmbH
Sarrel Group
Chem Processing
Kakihara Industries Co.
Ronatec C2C
Asterion, LLC
Electro Chemical Finishing Co.
Midland Polishing and Plating Ltd.
Poeton Industries Ltd.

By Types:
Plating
Conversion Coatings
Passivation

By Applications:
Automotive
Oil & Gas
Aerospace
Hydraulics & Heavy
Machinery
Others

Key Indicators Analysed
Market Players & Competitor Analysis: The report covers the key players of the industry including Company Profile, Product Specifications, Production Capacity/Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin 2017-2028 & Sales with a thorough analysis of the market's competitive landscape and detailed information on vendors and comprehensive details of factors that will challenge the growth of major market vendors.
Global and Regional Market Analysis: The report includes Global & Regional market status and outlook 2017-2028. Further the report provides break down details about each region & countries covered in the report. Identifying its sales, sales volume & revenue forecast. With detailed analysis by types and applications.
Market Trends: Market key trends which include Increased Competition and Continuous Innovations.
Opportunities and Drivers: Identifying the Growing Demands and New Technology
Porters Five Force Analysis: The report provides with the state of competition in industry depending on five basic forces: threat of new entrants, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of buyers, threat of substitute products or services, and existing industry rivalry.

Key Reasons to Purchase
To gain insightful analyses of the market and have comprehensive understanding of the global market and its commercial landscape.
Assess the production processes, major issues, and solutions to mitigate the development risk.
To understand the most affecting driving and restraining forces in the market and its impact in the global market.
Learn about the market strategies that are being adopted by leading respective organizations.
To understand the future outlook and prospects for the market.
Besides the standard structure reports, we also provide custom research according to specific requirements.
Chapter 1 Industry Overview
1.1 Definition
1.2 Assumptions
1.3 Research Scope
1.4 Market Analysis by Regions
1.4.1 North America Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.2 East Asia Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.3 Europe Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.4 South Asia Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.5 Southeast Asia Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.6 Middle East Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.7 Africa Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.8 Oceania Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.9 South America Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.5 Global Trivalent Chromium Finishing Market Size Analysis from 2023 to 2028
1.5.1 Global Trivalent Chromium Finishing Market Size Analysis from 2023 to 2028 by Consumption Volume
1.5.2 Global Trivalent Chromium Finishing Market Size Analysis from 2023 to 2028 by Value
1.5.3 Global Trivalent Chromium Finishing Price Trends Analysis from 2023 to 2028
1.6 COVID-19 Outbreak: Trivalent Chromium Finishing Industry Impact
Chapter 2 Global Trivalent Chromium Finishing Competition by Types, Applications, and Top Regions and Countries
2.1 Global Trivalent Chromium Finishing (Volume and Value) by Type
2.1.1 Global Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
2.1.2 Global Trivalent Chromium Finishing Revenue and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
2.2 Global Trivalent Chromium Finishing (Volume and Value) by Application
2.2.1 Global Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption and Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
2.2.2 Global Trivalent Chromium Finishing Revenue and Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
2.3 Global Trivalent Chromium Finishing (Volume and Value) by Regions
2.3.1 Global Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption and Market Share by Regions (2017-2022)
2.3.2 Global Trivalent Chromium Finishing Revenue and Market Share by Regions (2017-2022)
Chapter 3 Production Market Analysis
3.1 Global Production Market Analysis
3.1.1 2017-2022 Global Capacity, Production, Capacity Utilization Rate, Ex-Factory Price, Revenue, Cost, Gross and Gross Margin Analysis
3.1.2 2017-2022 Major Manufacturers Performance and Market Share
3.2 Regional Production Market Analysis
3.2.1 2017-2022 Regional Market Performance and Market Share
3.2.2 North America Market
3.2.3 East Asia Market
3.2.4 Europe Market
3.2.5 South Asia Market
3.2.6 Southeast Asia Market
3.2.7 Middle East Market
3.2.8 Africa Market
3.2.9 Oceania Market
3.2.10 South America Market
3.2.11 Rest of the World Market
Chapter 4 Global Trivalent Chromium Finishing Sales, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2017-2022)
4.1 Global Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption by Regions (2017-2022)
4.2 North America Trivalent Chromium Finishing Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.3 East Asia Trivalent Chromium Finishing Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.4 Europe Trivalent Chromium Finishing Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.5 South Asia Trivalent Chromium Finishing Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.6 Southeast Asia Trivalent Chromium Finishing Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.7 Middle East Trivalent Chromium Finishing Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.8 Africa Trivalent Chromium Finishing Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.9 Oceania Trivalent Chromium Finishing Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.10 South America Trivalent Chromium Finishing Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Chapter 5 North America Trivalent Chromium Finishing Market Analysis
5.1 North America Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption and Value Analysis
5.1.1 North America Trivalent Chromium Finishing Market Under COVID-19
5.2 North America Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume by Types
5.3 North America Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Structure by Application
5.4 North America Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption by Top Countries
5.4.1 United States Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
5.4.2 Canada Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
5.4.3 Mexico Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 6 East Asia Trivalent Chromium Finishing Market Analysis
6.1 East Asia Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption and Value Analysis
6.1.1 East Asia Trivalent Chromium Finishing Market Under COVID-19
6.2 East Asia Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume by Types
6.3 East Asia Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Structure by Application
6.4 East Asia Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption by Top Countries
6.4.1 China Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
6.4.2 Japan Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
6.4.3 South Korea Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 7 Europe Trivalent Chromium Finishing Market Analysis
7.1 Europe Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption and Value Analysis
7.1.1 Europe Trivalent Chromium Finishing Market Under COVID-19
7.2 Europe Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume by Types
7.3 Europe Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Structure by Application
7.4 Europe Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption by Top Countries
7.4.1 Germany Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.2 UK Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.3 France Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.4 Italy Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.5 Russia Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.6 Spain Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.7 Netherlands Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.8 Switzerland Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.9 Poland Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 8 South Asia Trivalent Chromium Finishing Market Analysis
8.1 South Asia Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption and Value Analysis
8.1.1 South Asia Trivalent Chromium Finishing Market Under COVID-19
8.2 South Asia Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume by Types
8.3 South Asia Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Structure by Application
8.4 South Asia Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption by Top Countries
8.4.1 India Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
8.4.2 Pakistan Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
8.4.3 Bangladesh Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 9 Southeast Asia Trivalent Chromium Finishing Market Analysis
9.1 Southeast Asia Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption and Value Analysis
9.1.1 Southeast Asia Trivalent Chromium Finishing Market Under COVID-19
9.2 Southeast Asia Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume by Types
9.3 Southeast Asia Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Structure by Application
9.4 Southeast Asia Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption by Top Countries
9.4.1 Indonesia Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
9.4.2 Thailand Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
9.4.3 Singapore Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
9.4.4 Malaysia Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
9.4.5 Philippines Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
9.4.6 Vietnam Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
9.4.7 Myanmar Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 10 Middle East Trivalent Chromium Finishing Market Analysis
10.1 Middle East Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption and Value Analysis
10.1.1 Middle East Trivalent Chromium Finishing Market Under COVID-19
10.2 Middle East Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume by Types
10.3 Middle East Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Structure by Application
10.4 Middle East Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption by Top Countries
10.4.1 Turkey Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.2 Saudi Arabia Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.3 Iran Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.4 United Arab Emirates Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.5 Israel Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.6 Iraq Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.7 Qatar Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.8 Kuwait Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.9 Oman Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 11 Africa Trivalent Chromium Finishing Market Analysis
11.1 Africa Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption and Value Analysis
11.1.1 Africa Trivalent Chromium Finishing Market Under COVID-19
11.2 Africa Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume by Types
11.3 Africa Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Structure by Application
11.4 Africa Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption by Top Countries
11.4.1 Nigeria Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
11.4.2 South Africa Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
11.4.3 Egypt Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
11.4.4 Algeria Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
11.4.5 Morocco Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 12 Oceania Trivalent Chromium Finishing Market Analysis
12.1 Oceania Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption and Value Analysis
12.2 Oceania Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume by Types
12.3 Oceania Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Structure by Application
12.4 Oceania Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption by Top Countries
12.4.1 Australia Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
12.4.2 New Zealand Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 13 South America Trivalent Chromium Finishing Market Analysis
13.1 South America Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption and Value Analysis
13.1.1 South America Trivalent Chromium Finishing Market Under COVID-19
13.2 South America Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume by Types
13.3 South America Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Structure by Application
13.4 South America Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume by Major Countries
13.4.1 Brazil Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.2 Argentina Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.3 Columbia Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.4 Chile Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.5 Venezuela Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.6 Peru Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.7 Puerto Rico Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.8 Ecuador Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 14 Company Profiles and Key Figures in Trivalent Chromium Finishing Business
14.1 MacDermid Incorporated
14.1.1 MacDermid Incorporated Company Profile
14.1.2 MacDermid Incorporated Trivalent Chromium Finishing Product Specification
14.1.3 MacDermid Incorporated Trivalent Chromium Finishing Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.2 Atotech Deutschland GmbH
14.2.1 Atotech Deutschland GmbH Company Profile
14.2.2 Atotech Deutschland GmbH Trivalent Chromium Finishing Product Specification
14.2.3 Atotech Deutschland GmbH Trivalent Chromium Finishing Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.3 Sarrel Group
14.3.1 Sarrel Group Company Profile
14.3.2 Sarrel Group Trivalent Chromium Finishing Product Specification
14.3.3 Sarrel Group Trivalent Chromium Finishing Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.4 Chem Processing
14.4.1 Chem Processing Company Profile
14.4.2 Chem Processing Trivalent Chromium Finishing Product Specification
14.4.3 Chem Processing Trivalent Chromium Finishing Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.5 Kakihara Industries Co.
14.5.1 Kakihara Industries Co. Company Profile
14.5.2 Kakihara Industries Co. Trivalent Chromium Finishing Product Specification
14.5.3 Kakihara Industries Co. Trivalent Chromium Finishing Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.6 Ronatec C2C
14.6.1 Ronatec C2C Company Profile
14.6.2 Ronatec C2C Trivalent Chromium Finishing Product Specification
14.6.3 Ronatec C2C Trivalent Chromium Finishing Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.7 Asterion, LLC
14.7.1 Asterion, LLC Company Profile
14.7.2 Asterion, LLC Trivalent Chromium Finishing Product Specification
14.7.3 Asterion, LLC Trivalent Chromium Finishing Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.8 Electro Chemical Finishing Co.
14.8.1 Electro Chemical Finishing Co. Company Profile
14.8.2 Electro Chemical Finishing Co. Trivalent Chromium Finishing Product Specification
14.8.3 Electro Chemical Finishing Co. Trivalent Chromium Finishing Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.9 Midland Polishing and Plating Ltd.
14.9.1 Midland Polishing and Plating Ltd. Company Profile
14.9.2 Midland Polishing and Plating Ltd. Trivalent Chromium Finishing Product Specification
14.9.3 Midland Polishing and Plating Ltd. Trivalent Chromium Finishing Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.10 Poeton Industries Ltd.
14.10.1 Poeton Industries Ltd. Company Profile
14.10.2 Poeton Industries Ltd. Trivalent Chromium Finishing Product Specification
14.10.3 Poeton Industries Ltd. Trivalent Chromium Finishing Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Chapter 15 Global Trivalent Chromium Finishing Market Forecast (2023-2028)
15.1 Global Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume, Revenue and Price Forecast (2023-2028)
15.1.1 Global Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.1.2 Global Trivalent Chromium Finishing Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2 Global Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume, Value and Growth Rate Forecast by Region (2023-2028)
15.2.1 Global Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume and Growth Rate Forecast by Regions (2023-2028)
15.2.2 Global Trivalent Chromium Finishing Value and Growth Rate Forecast by Regions (2023-2028)
15.2.3 North America Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.4 East Asia Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.5 Europe Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.6 South Asia Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.7 Southeast Asia Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.8 Middle East Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.9 Africa Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.10 Oceania Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.11 South America Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.3 Global Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume, Revenue and Price Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
15.3.1 Global Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
15.3.2 Global Trivalent Chromium Finishing Revenue Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
15.3.3 Global Trivalent Chromium Finishing Price Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
15.4 Global Trivalent Chromium Finishing Consumption Volume Forecast by Application (2023-2028)
15.5 Trivalent Chromium Finishing Market Forecast Under COVID-19
Chapter 16 Conclusions
Research Methodology

Circuit Status Monitoring System Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth Trends And Forecasts (2024-2031)...

The Circuit Status Monitoring System Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competitive landscape, ma...

Global Advanced Authentication Market (2024 Edition): Analysis By Deployment (Cloud and On-Premise), By Authentication Method, By End Use Industry, By Region, By Country: Market Insights and Forecast (2020-2030)...

Executive Summary Azoth Analytics has released a research report titled "Global Advanced Authentication Market (2024 Edition)" which provides a complete analysis of the Global Advanced Authentication industry in terms of market segmentation By Deployment (Cloud and On-Premise), By Authe...

Internal Passenger Status Monitoring System Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth Trends And Forecasts (2024-2031)...

The Internal Passenger Status Monitoring System Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competitive la...

Professional Exhibition Fairs Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth Trends And Forecasts (2024-2031)...

The Professional Exhibition Fairs Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competitive landscape, manuf...

Global Metaverse Market (2024 Edition): Analysis By Product (Hardware, Software and Services), By Platform, By End User Industry, By Region, By Country: Market Insights and Forecast (2020-2030)...

Executive Summary Azoth Analytics has released a research report titled "Global Metaverse Market (2024 Edition)" which provides a complete analysis of the Global Metaverse industry in terms of market segmentation By Product (Hardware, Software and Services), By Platform (Desktop, Mobile...

Finishing Robots Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth Trends And Forecasts (2024-2031)...

The Finishing Robots Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competitive landscape, manufacturers/play...

Global Classic Car Insurance Market (2024 Edition): Analysis By Vehicle Type (Vintage, and Classic), By Ownership Status, By Channel, By Region, By Country: Market Insights and Forecast (2019-2029)...

Executive Summary Azoth Analytics has released a research report titled "Global Classic Car Insurance Market (2024 Edition)" which provides a complete analysis of the Global Classic Car Insurance industry in terms of market segmentation By Vehicle Type (Vintage, and Classic), By Ownersh...

Global Gas and Flame Detection Products Market (2024 Edition): Analysis By Type (Fixed Gas Detection Systems, and Portable Gas Detection Systems), By Application, By End-Use Industry, By Region, By Country: Market Insights and Forecast (2019-2029)...

Executive Summary Azoth Analytics has released a research report titled "Global Gas and Flame Detection Products Market (2024 Edition)" which provides a complete analysis of the Global Gas and Flame Detection Products industry in terms of market segmentation By Type (Fixed Gas Detection...

Global Professional Hand Hygiene Market 2024...

The professional hand hygiene market offers a comprehensive array of products and solutions meticulously designed to foster effective hand hygiene practices across various professional and institutional environments, including but not limited to healthcare, food service, manufacturing, and hospitali...

Professional Retail Pharmacy Software Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth Trends And Forecasts (2024-2031)...

The Professional Retail Pharmacy Software Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competitive landscap...