Swine Food Animal Eubiotic Market Status and Trend Analysis 2017-2026 (COVID-19 Version)

  • Report Code : 532919
  • Pages : 111
  • Published On : Dec 2020
  • Industry : Chemicals and Materials
  • Format :

Choose License Type

Single User License: US$ 3,000
Multi User License: US$ 6,000
Corporate User License: US$ 6,000
Summary

Further key aspects of the report indicate that:
Chapter 1: Research Scope: Product Definition, Type, End-Use & Methodology
Chapter 2: Global Industry Summary
Chapter 3: Market Dynamics
Chapter 4: Global Market Segmentation by region, type and End-Use
Chapter 5: North America Market Segmentation by region, type and End-Use
Chapter 6: Europe Market Segmentation by region, type and End-Use
Chapter 7: Asia-Pacific Market Segmentation by region, type and End-Use
Chapter 8: South America Market Segmentation by region, type and End-Use
Chapter 9: Middle East and Africa Market Segmentation by region, type and End-Use.
Chapter 10: Market Competition by Companies
Chapter 11: Market forecast and environment forecast.
Chapter 12: Industry Summary.

The global Swine Food Animal Eubiotic market has the potential to grow with xx million USD with growing CAGR in the forecast period from 2021f to 2026f. Factors driving the market for Swine Food Animal Eubiotic are the significant development of demand and improvement of COVID-19 and geo-economics.

Based on the type of product, the global Swine Food Animal Eubiotic market segmented into
Probiotics 
Prebiotics 
Organic Acids 
Essential Oils

Based on the end-use, the global Swine Food Animal Eubiotic market classified into
Piglet 
Adult Swine

Based on geography, the global Swine Food Animal Eubiotic market segmented into
North America [U.S., Canada, Mexico]
Europe [Germany, UK, France, Italy, Rest of Europe]
Asia-Pacific [China, India, Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, Australia, Rest of Asia Pacific]
South America [Brazil, Argentina, Rest of Latin America]
Middle East & Africa [GCC, North Africa, South Africa, Rest of Middle East and Africa]

And the major players included in the report are
Royal DSM 
BASF 
Cargill 
Dupont 
Hansen 
Kemin 
Novus International 
ADDCON 
Yara 
Behn Meyer 
Beneo Group 
Qingdao Vland 
Baolai Leelai 
Guangzhou Xipu 
Guangzhou Juntai 
Lucky Yinthai 
Shanghai Zzfeed 
Greencore
Table of Contents
1 RESEARCH SCOPE
1.1 Research Product Definition
1.2 Research Segmentation
1.2.1 Product Type
1.2.2 Main product Type of Major Players
1.3 Demand Overview
1.4 Research Methodology
2 GLOBAL SWINE FOOD ANIMAL EUBIOTIC INDUSTRY
2.1 Summary about Swine Food Animal Eubiotic Industry
2.2 Swine Food Animal Eubiotic Market Trends
2.2.1 Swine Food Animal Eubiotic Production & Consumption Trends
2.2.2 Swine Food Animal Eubiotic Demand Structure Trends
2.3 Swine Food Animal Eubiotic Cost & Price
3 MARKET DYNAMICS
3.1 Manufacturing & Purchasing Behavior in 2020
3.2 Market Development under the Impact of COVID-19
3.2.1 Drivers
3.2.2 Restraints
3.2.3 Opportunity
3.2.4 Risk
4 GLOBAL MARKET SEGMENTATION
4.1 Region Segmentation (2017 to 2021f)
4.1.1 North America (U.S., Canada and Mexico)
4.1.2 Europe (Germany, UK, France, Italy, Rest of Europe)
4.1.3 Asia-Pacific (China, India, Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, Australia, Rest of Asia Pacific)
4.1.4 South America (Brazil,, Argentina, Rest of Latin America)
4.1.5 Middle East and Africa (GCC, North Africa, South Africa, Rest of Middle East and Africa)
4.2 Product Type Segmentation (2017 to 2021f)
4.2.1 Probiotics
4.2.2 Prebiotics
4.2.3 Organic Acids
4.2.4 Essential Oils
4.3 Consumption Segmentation (2017 to 2021f)
4.3.1 Piglet
4.3.2 Adult Swine
5 NORTH AMERICA MARKET SEGMENT
5.1 Region Segmentation (2017 to 2021f)
5.1.1 U.S.
5.1.2 Canada
5.1.3 Mexico
5.2 Product Type Segmentation (2017 to 2021f)
5.2.1 Probiotics
5.2.2 Prebiotics
5.2.3 Organic Acids
5.2.4 Essential Oils
5.3 Consumption Segmentation (2017 to 2021f)
5.3.1 Piglet
5.3.2 Adult Swine
5.4 Impact of COVID-19 in North America
6 EUROPE MARKET SEGMENTATION
6.1 Region Segmentation (2017 to 2021f)
6.1.1 Germany
6.1.2 UK
6.1.3 France
6.1.4 Italy
6.1.5 Rest of Europe
6.2 Product Type Segmentation (2017 to 2021f)
6.2.1 Probiotics
6.2.2 Prebiotics
6.2.3 Organic Acids
6.2.4 Essential Oils
6.3 Consumption Segmentation (2017 to 2021f)
6.3.1 Piglet
6.3.2 Adult Swine
6.4 Impact of COVID-19 in Europe
7 ASIA-PACIFIC MARKET SEGMENTATION
7.1 Region Segmentation (2017 to 2021f)
7.1.1 China
7.1.2 India
7.1.3 Japan
7.1.4 South Korea
7.1.5 Southeast Asia
7.1.6 Australia
7.1.7 Rest of Asia Pacific
7.2 Product Type Segmentation (2017 to 2021f)
7.2.1 Probiotics
7.2.2 Prebiotics
7.2.3 Organic Acids
7.2.4 Essential Oils
7.3 Consumption Segmentation (2017 to 2021f)
7.3.1 Piglet
7.3.2 Adult Swine
7.4 Impact of COVID-19 in Europe
8 SOUTH AMERICA MARKET SEGMENTATION
8.1 Region Segmentation (2017 to 2021f)
8.1.1 Brazil
8.1.2 Argentina
8.1.3 Rest of Latin America
8.2 Product Type Segmentation (2017 to 2021f)
8.2.1 Probiotics
8.2.2 Prebiotics
8.2.3 Organic Acids
8.2.4 Essential Oils
8.3 Consumption Segmentation (2017 to 2021f)
8.3.1 Piglet
8.3.2 Adult Swine
8.4 Impact of COVID-19 in Europe
9 MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA MARKET SEGMENTATION
9.1 Region Segmentation (2017 to 2021f)
9.1.1 GCC
9.1.2 North Africa
9.1.3 South Africa
9.1.4 Rest of Middle East and Africa
9.2 Product Type Segmentation (2017 to 2021f)
9.2.1 Probiotics
9.2.2 Prebiotics
9.2.3 Organic Acids
9.2.4 Essential Oils
9.3 Consumption Segmentation (2017 to 2021f)
9.3.1 Piglet
9.3.2 Adult Swine
9.4 Impact of COVID-19 in Europe
10 COMPETITION OF MAJOR PLAYERS
10.1 Brief Introduction of Major Players
10.1.1 Royal DSM
10.1.2 BASF
10.1.3 Cargill
10.1.4 Dupont
10.1.5 Hansen
10.1.6 Kemin
10.1.7 Novus International
10.1.8 ADDCON
10.1.9 Yara
10.1.10 Behn Meyer
10.1.11 Beneo Group
10.1.12 Qingdao Vland
10.1.13 Baolai Leelai
10.1.14 Guangzhou Xipu
10.1.15 Guangzhou Juntai
10.1.16 Lucky Yinthai
10.1.17 Shanghai Zzfeed
10.1.18 Greencore
10.2 Swine Food Animal Eubiotic Sales Date of Major Players (2017-2020e)
10.2.1 Royal DSM
10.2.2 BASF
10.2.3 Cargill
10.2.4 Dupont
10.2.5 Hansen
10.2.6 Kemin
10.2.7 Novus International
10.2.8 ADDCON
10.2.9 Yara
10.2.10 Behn Meyer
10.2.11 Beneo Group
10.2.12 Qingdao Vland
10.2.13 Baolai Leelai
10.2.14 Guangzhou Xipu
10.2.15 Guangzhou Juntai
10.2.16 Lucky Yinthai
10.2.17 Shanghai Zzfeed
10.2.18 Greencore
10.3 Market Distribution of Major Players
10.4 Global Competition Segmentation
11 MARKET FORECAST
11.1 Forecast by Region
11.2 Forecast by Demand
11.3 Environment Forecast
11.3.1 Impact of COVID-19
11.3.2 Geopolitics Overview
11.3.3 Economic Overview of Major Countries
12 REPORT SUMMARY STATEMENT


List of Table
Table Swine Food Animal Eubiotic Product Type Overview
Table Swine Food Animal Eubiotic Product Type Market Share List
Table Swine Food Animal Eubiotic Product Type of Major Players
Table Brief Introduction of Royal DSM
Table Brief Introduction of BASF
Table Brief Introduction of Cargill
Table Brief Introduction of Dupont
Table Brief Introduction of Hansen
Table Brief Introduction of Kemin
Table Brief Introduction of Novus International
Table Brief Introduction of ADDCON
Table Brief Introduction of Yara
Table Brief Introduction of Behn Meyer
Table Brief Introduction of Beneo Group
Table Brief Introduction of Qingdao Vland
Table Brief Introduction of Baolai Leelai
Table Brief Introduction of Guangzhou Xipu
Table Brief Introduction of Guangzhou Juntai
Table Brief Introduction of Lucky Yinthai
Table Brief Introduction of Shanghai Zzfeed
Table Brief Introduction of Greencore
Table Products & Services of Royal DSM
Table Products & Services of BASF
Table Products & Services of Cargill
Table Products & Services of Dupont
Table Products & Services of Hansen
Table Products & Services of Kemin
Table Products & Services of Novus International
Table Products & Services of ADDCON
Table Products & Services of Yara
Table Products & Services of Behn Meyer
Table Products & Services of Beneo Group
Table Products & Services of Qingdao Vland
Table Products & Services of Baolai Leelai
Table Products & Services of Guangzhou Xipu
Table Products & Services of Guangzhou Juntai
Table Products & Services of Lucky Yinthai
Table Products & Services of Shanghai Zzfeed
Table Products & Services of Greencore
Table Market Distribution of Major Players
Table Global Major Players Sales Revenue (Million USD) 2017-2020e
Table Global Major Players Sales Revenue (Million USD) Share 2017-2020e
Table Global Swine Food Animal Eubiotic Market Forecast (Million USD) by Region 2021f-2026f
Table Global Swine Food Animal Eubiotic Market Forecast (Million USD) Share by Region 2021f-2026f
Table Global Swine Food Animal Eubiotic Market Forecast (Million USD) by Demand 2021f-2026f
Table Global Swine Food Animal Eubiotic Market Forecast (Million USD) Share by Demand 2021f-2026f

List of Figure
Figure Global Swine Food Animal Eubiotic Market Size under the Impact of COVID-19, 2017-2021f (USD Million)
Figure Global Swine Food Animal Eubiotic Market by Region under the Impact of COVID-19, 2017-2021f (USD Million)
Figure Global Swine Food Animal Eubiotic Market by Product Type under the Impact of COVID-19, 2017-2021f (USD Million)
Figure Global Swine Food Animal Eubiotic Market by Demand under the Impact of COVID-19, 2017-2021f (USD Million)
Figure Global Swine Food Animal Eubiotic Production by Region under the Impact of COVID-19, 2021-2026 (USD Million)
Figure Global Swine Food Animal Eubiotic Consumption by Region under the Impact of COVID-19, 2021-2026 (USD Million)
Figure Global Swine Food Animal Eubiotic Consumption by Type under the Impact of COVID-19, 2021-2026 (USD Million)
Figure North America Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Europe Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure South America Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Middle East and Africa Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Probiotics Segmentation Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Prebiotics Segmentation Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Organic Acids Segmentation Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Essential Oils Segmentation Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Piglet Segmentation Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Adult Swine Segmentation Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure U.S. Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Canada Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Mexico Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Probiotics Segmentation Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Prebiotics Segmentation Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Organic Acids Segmentation Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Essential Oils Segmentation Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Piglet Segmentation Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Adult Swine Segmentation Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Germany Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure UK Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure France Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Italy Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Rest of Europe Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Probiotics Segmentation Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Prebiotics Segmentation Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Organic Acids Segmentation Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Essential Oils Segmentation Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Piglet Segmentation Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Adult Swine Segmentation Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure China Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure India Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Japan Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure South Korea Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Southeast Asia Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Australia Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Rest of Asia Pacific Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Probiotics Segmentation Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Prebiotics Segmentation Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Organic Acids Segmentation Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Essential Oils Segmentation Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Piglet Segmentation Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Adult Swine Segmentation Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Brazil Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Argentina Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Rest of Latin America Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Probiotics Segmentation Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Prebiotics Segmentation Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Organic Acids Segmentation Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Essential Oils Segmentation Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Piglet Segmentation Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Adult Swine Segmentation Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure GCC Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure North Africa Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure South Africa Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Rest of Middle East and Africa Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Probiotics Segmentation Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Prebiotics Segmentation Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Organic Acids Segmentation Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Essential Oils Segmentation Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Piglet Segmentation Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Adult Swine Segmentation Market Size (USD Million) 2017-2021f and Year-over-year (YOY) Growth (%) 2018-2021f
Figure Swine Food Animal Eubiotic Sales Revenue (Million USD) of Royal DSM 2017-2020e
Figure Swine Food Animal Eubiotic Sales Revenue (Million USD) of BASF 2017-2020e
Figure Swine Food Animal Eubiotic Sales Revenue (Million USD) of Cargill 2017-2020e
Figure Swine Food Animal Eubiotic Sales Revenue (Million USD) of Dupont 2017-2020e
Figure Swine Food Animal Eubiotic Sales Revenue (Million USD) of Hansen 2017-2020e
Figure Swine Food Animal Eubiotic Sales Revenue (Million USD) of Kemin 2017-2020e
Figure Swine Food Animal Eubiotic Sales Revenue (Million USD) of Novus International 2017-2020e
Figure Swine Food Animal Eubiotic Sales Revenue (Million USD) of ADDCON 2017-2020e
Figure Swine Food Animal Eubiotic Sales Revenue (Million USD) of Yara 2017-2020e
Figure Swine Food Animal Eubiotic Sales Revenue (Million USD) of Behn Meyer 2017-2020e
Figure Swine Food Animal Eubiotic Sales Revenue (Million USD) of Beneo Group 2017-2020e
Figure Swine Food Animal Eubiotic Sales Revenue (Million USD) of Qingdao Vland 2017-2020e
Figure Swine Food Animal Eubiotic Sales Revenue (Million USD) of Baolai Leelai 2017-2020e
Figure Swine Food Animal Eubiotic Sales Revenue (Million USD) of Guangzhou Xipu 2017-2020e
Figure Swine Food Animal Eubiotic Sales Revenue (Million USD) of Guangzhou Juntai 2017-2020e
Figure Swine Food Animal Eubiotic Sales Revenue (Million USD) of Lucky Yinthai 2017-2020e
Figure Swine Food Animal Eubiotic Sales Revenue (Million USD) of Shanghai Zzfeed 2017-2020e
Figure Sales Revenue (Million USD) of Greencore 2017-2020e

Animal Video Tracking Software Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth Trends And Forecasts (2024-2031)...

The Animal Video Tracking Software Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competitive landscape, manu...

Fresh Food Supply Chain Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth Trends And Forecasts (2024-2031)...

The Fresh Food Supply Chain Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competitive landscape, manufacture...

Food Automation Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth Trends And Forecasts (2024-2031)...

The Food Automation Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competitive landscape, manufacturers/playe...

Fresh Pet Food Delivery Service Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth Trends And Forecasts (2024-2031)...

The Fresh Pet Food Delivery Service Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competitive landscape, man...

Fresh Cat Food Delivery Service Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth Trends And Forecasts (2024-2031)...

The Fresh Cat Food Delivery Service Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competitive landscape, man...

Global Animal Feed Additive Market 2024...

The application of additives in animal feeds serves to enhance their biological and physiological characteristics, while also playing a vital role in improving functions such as digestion, metabolism, and reproduction, as well as addressing deficiencies. The market for animal feed additives presents...

Global Food Preservative Ingredients Market 2024...

The use of food preservatives to extend the shelf-life of processed food products is widespread in the current market. A notable trend in this industry is the growing utilization of natural preservatives derived from plant and animal sources. While synthetic preservatives were previously favored for...

Global Natural Food Antioxidants Market 2024...

The global market for natural food antioxidants has witnessed significant growth due to the increasing demand for natural ingredients and the clean-label trend in the food and beverage industry. This trend has driven manufacturers to seek clean label alternatives to synthetic antioxidants, leading t...

Global Food Grade Magnesium Derivatives Market 2024...

The food grade magnesium derivatives market is expected to experience increased demand in the near future, driven by the growing production of confectionery products such as chocolates and sweets, as well as non-alcoholic beverages like functional drinks. In 2023, the inorganic product ...

Fast Food Restaurant Ecosystem Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth Trends And Forecasts (2024-2031)...

The Fast Food Restaurant Ecosystem Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competitive landscape, manu...