Global Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Analysis 2016-2020 and Forecast 2021-2026

  • Report Code : 600026
  • Pages : 87
  • Published On : Mar 2021
  • Industry : Medical Devices
  • Format :

Choose License Type

Single User License: US$ 2,980
Multi User License: US$ 5,960
Corporate User License: US$ 5,960
Snapshot

The global Human Growth Hormone (hGH) market size is estimated at xxx million USD with a CAGR xx% from 2016-2020 and is expected to reach xxx Million USD in 2021 with a CAGR xx% from 2021 to 2026. The report begins from overview of Industry Chain structure, and describes industry environment, then analyses market size and forecast of Human Growth Hormone (hGH) by product, region and application, in addition, this report introduces market competition situation among the vendors and company profile, besides, market price analysis and value chain features are covered in this report.

Product Type Coverage (Market Size & Forecast, Major Company of Product Type etc.):
Recombinant Human Growth Hormone (rhGH)
Human Growth Hormone (rhGH)

Company Coverage (Company Profile, Sales Revenue, Price, Gross Margin, Main Products etc.):
Eli Lilly and Company
Ferring Holding SA
Genentech
Merck & Co.
Novo Nordisk
Pfizer
Sandoz International GmbH
Ipsen

Application Coverage (Market Size & Forecast, Different Demand Market by Region, Main Consumer Profile etc.):
Growth Hormone Deficiency
Turner Syndrome
Idiopathic Short Stature
Prader-Willi Syndrome
Small for Gestational Age
Others

Region Coverage (Regional Production, Demand & Forecast by Countries etc.):
North America (U.S., Canada, Mexico)
Europe (Germany, U.K., France, Italy, Russia, Spain etc.)
Asia-Pacific (China, India, Japan, Southeast Asia etc.)
South America (Brazil, Argentina etc.)
Middle East & Africa (Saudi Arabia, South Africa etc.)
Table of Contents
1 Industry Overview
1.1 Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Industry
Figure Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Industry Chain Structure
1.1.1 Overview
1.1.2 Development of Human Growth Hormone (hGH)
1.2 Market Segment
1.2.1 Upstream
Table Upstream Segment of Human Growth Hormone (hGH)
1.2.2 Downstream
Table Application Segment of Human Growth Hormone (hGH)
Table Global Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market 2016-2026, by Application, in USD Million
1.2.3 COVID-19 Impact
1.3 Cost Analysis
2 Industry Environment (PEST Analysis)
2.1 Policy
2.2 Economics
2.3 Sociology
2.4 Technology
3 Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market by Type
3.1 By Type
3.1.1 Recombinant Human Growth Hormone (rhGH)
Table Major Company List of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone (rhGH)
3.1.2 Human Growth Hormone (rhGH)
Table Major Company List of Human Growth Hormone (rhGH)
3.2 Market Size
Table Global Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market 2016-2020, by Type, in USD Million
Figure Global Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Growth 2016-2020, by Type, in USD Million
Table Global Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market 2016-2020, by Type, in Volume
Figure Global Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Growth 2016-2020, by Type, in Volume
3.3 Market Forecast
Table Global Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Forecast 2021-2026, by Type, in USD Million
Table Global Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Forecast 2021-2026, by Type, in Volume
4 Major Companies List
4.1 Eli Lilly and Company (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.1.1 Eli Lilly and Company Profile
Table Eli Lilly and Company Overview List
4.1.2 Eli Lilly and Company Products & Services
4.1.3 Eli Lilly and Company Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of Eli Lilly and Company (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.2 Ferring Holding SA (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.2.1 Ferring Holding SA Profile
Table Ferring Holding SA Overview List
4.2.2 Ferring Holding SA Products & Services
4.2.3 Ferring Holding SA Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of Ferring Holding SA (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.3 Genentech (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.3.1 Genentech Profile
Table Genentech Overview List
4.3.2 Genentech Products & Services
4.3.3 Genentech Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of Genentech (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.4 Merck & Co. (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.4.1 Merck & Co. Profile
Table Merck & Co. Overview List
4.4.2 Merck & Co. Products & Services
4.4.3 Merck & Co. Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of Merck & Co. (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.5 Novo Nordisk (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.5.1 Novo Nordisk Profile
Table Novo Nordisk Overview List
4.5.2 Novo Nordisk Products & Services
4.5.3 Novo Nordisk Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of Novo Nordisk (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.6 Pfizer (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.6.1 Pfizer Profile
Table Pfizer Overview List
4.6.2 Pfizer Products & Services
4.6.3 Pfizer Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of Pfizer (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.7 Sandoz International GmbH (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.7.1 Sandoz International GmbH Profile
Table Sandoz International GmbH Overview List
4.7.2 Sandoz International GmbH Products & Services
4.7.3 Sandoz International GmbH Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of Sandoz International GmbH (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.8 Ipsen (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.8.1 Ipsen Profile
Table Ipsen Overview List
4.8.2 Ipsen Products & Services
4.8.3 Ipsen Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of Ipsen (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
5 Market Competition
5.1 Company Competition
Table Global Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Sales Revenue 2016-2020, by Company, in USD Million
Table Global Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Sales Revenue Share 2016-2020, by Company, in USD Million
Figure Global Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Sales Revenue Share in 2020, by Company, in USD Million
Table Global Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Sales Volume 2016-2020, by Company, in Volume
Table Global Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Sales Volume Share 2016-2020, by Company, in Volume
Figure Global Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Sales Volume Share in 2020, by Company, in Volume
5.2 Regional Market by Company
Figure North America Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Concentration, in 2020
Figure Europe Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Market Concentration, in 2020
Figure Asia-Pacific Human Growth Hormone (hGH) MMarket Concentration, in 2020
Figure South America Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Concentration, in 2020
Figure Middle East & Africa Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Concentration, in 2020
6 Demand by End Market
6.1 Demand Situation
6.1.1 Demand in Growth Hormone Deficiency
Figure Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Demand in Growth Hormone Deficiency, 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Demand in Growth Hormone Deficiency, 2016-2020, in Volume
6.1.2 Demand in Turner Syndrome
Figure Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Demand in Turner Syndrome, 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Demand in Turner Syndrome, 2016-2020, in Volume
6.1.3 Demand in Idiopathic Short Stature
Figure Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Demand in Idiopathic Short Stature, 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Demand in Idiopathic Short Stature, 2016-2020, in Volume
6.1.4 Demand in Prader-Willi Syndrome
Figure Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Demand in Prader-Willi Syndrome, 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Demand in Prader-Willi Syndrome, 2016-2020, in Volume
6.1.5 Demand in Small for Gestational Age
Figure Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Demand in Small for Gestational Age, 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Demand in Small for Gestational Age, 2016-2020, in Volume
6.1.6 Demand in Others
Figure Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Demand in Others, 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Demand in Others, 2016-2020, in Volume
6.2 Regional Demand Comparison
Table Regional Demand Comparison List
Table Major Application in Different Regions
6.3 Demand Forecast
Table Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Demand Forecast 2021-2026, by Application, in USD Million
Figure Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Growth 2021-2026, by Application, in USD Million
Figure Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Share in 2026, by Application, in USD Million
Table Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Demand Forecast 2021-2026, by Application, in Volume
Table Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Growth 2021-2026, by Application, in Volume
Table Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Share in 2026, by Application, in Volume
6.4 Impact of the COVID-19 on the Demand
7 Region Operation
7.1 Regional Production
Table Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Production 2016-2020, by Region, in USD Million
Table Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Production 2016-2020, by Region, in Volume
7.2 Regional Market
Table Global Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market 2016-2020, by Region, in USD Million
Table Global Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Share 2016-2020, by Region, in USD Million
Table Global Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market 2016-2020, by Region, in Volume
Table Global Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Share 2016-2020, by Region, in Volume
7.3 by Region
7.3.1 North America
7.3.1.1 Overview
Figure North America Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure North America Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in Volume
7.3.1.2 by Country (U.S., Canada, Mexico)
Table North America Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in USD Million
Table North America Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in Volume
7.3.2 Europe
7.3.2.1 Overview
Figure Europe Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Europe Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in Volume
7.3.2.2 by Country (Germany, U.K., France, Italy, Russia, Spain etc.)
Table Europe Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in USD Million
Table Europe Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in Volume
7.3.3 Asia-Pacific
7.3.3.1 Overview
Figure Asia-Pacific Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Asia-Pacific Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in Volume
7.3.3.2 by Country (China, India, Japan, Southeast Asia etc.)
Table Asia-Pacific Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in USD Million
Table Asia-Pacific Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in Volume
7.3.4 South America
7.3.4.1 Overview
Figure South America Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure South America Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in Volume
7.3.4.2 by Country (Brazil, Argentina etc.)
Table South America Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in USD Million
Table South America Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in Volume
7.3.5 Middle East & Africa
7.3.5.1 Overview
Figure Middle East & Africa Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Middle East & Africa Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in Volume
7.3.5.2 by Country (Saudi Arabia, South Africa etc.)
Table Middle East & Africa Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in USD Million
Table Middle East & Africa Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in Volume
7.4 Regional Import & Export
7.5 Regional Forecast
Table Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Forecast 2021-2026, by Region, in USD Million
Table Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Forecast 2021-2026, by Region, in Volume
8 Marketing & Price
8.1 Price and Margin
8.1.1 Price Trends
8.1.2 Factors of Price Change
Table Price Factors List
8.1.3 Manufacturers Gross Margin Analysis
8.2 Marketing Channel
Figure Marketing Channels Overview
9 Research Conclusion


List of Table
1. Table Upstream Segment of Human Growth Hormone (hGH)
2. Table Application Segment of Human Growth Hormone (hGH)
3. Table Global Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market 2016-2026, by Application, in USD Million
4. Table Major Company List of Human Growth Hormone (rhGH)
5. Table Global Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market 2016-2020, by Type, in USD Million
6. Table Global Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market 2016-2020, by Type, in Volume
7. Table Global Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Forecast 2021-2026, by Type, in USD Million
8. Table Global Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Forecast 2021-2026, by Type, in Volume
9. Table Eli Lilly and Company Overview List
10. Table Business Operation of Eli Lilly and Company (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
11. Table Ferring Holding SA Overview List
12. Table Business Operation of Ferring Holding SA (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
13. Table Genentech Overview List
14. Table Business Operation of Genentech (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
15. Table Merck & Co. Overview List
16. Table Business Operation of Merck & Co. (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
17. Table Novo Nordisk Overview List
18. Table Business Operation of Novo Nordisk (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
19. Table Pfizer Overview List
20. Table Business Operation of Pfizer (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
21. Table Sandoz International GmbH Overview List
22. Table Business Operation of Sandoz International GmbH (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
23. Table Ipsen Overview List
24. Table Business Operation of Ipsen (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
25. Table Global Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Sales Revenue 2016-2020, by Company, in USD Million
26. Table Global Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Sales Revenue Share 2016-2020, by Company, in USD Million
27. Table Global Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Sales Volume 2016-2020, by Company, in Volume
28. Table Global Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Sales Volume Share 2016-2020, by Company, in Volume
29. Table Regional Demand Comparison List
30. Table Major Application in Different Regions
31. Table Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Demand Forecast 2021-2026, by Application, in USD Million
32. Table Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Demand Forecast 2021-2026, by Application, in Volume
33. Table Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Growth 2021-2026, by Application, in Volume
34. Table Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Share in 2026, by Application, in Volume
35. Table Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Production 2016-2020, by Region, in USD Million
36. Table Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Production 2016-2020, by Region, in Volume
37. Table Global Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market 2016-2020, by Region, in USD Million
38. Table Global Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Share 2016-2020, by Region, in USD Million
39. Table Global Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market 2016-2020, by Region, in Volume
40. Table Global Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Share 2016-2020, by Region, in Volume
41. Table North America Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in USD Million
42. Table North America Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in Volume
43. Table Europe Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in USD Million
44. Table Europe Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in Volume
45. Table Asia-Pacific Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in USD Million
46. Table Asia-Pacific Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in Volume
47. Table South America Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in USD Million
48. Table South America Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in Volume
49. Table Middle East & Africa Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in USD Million
50. Table Middle East & Africa Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in Volume
51. Table Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Forecast 2021-2026, by Region, in USD Million
52. Table Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Forecast 2021-2026, by Region, in Volume
53. Table Price Factors List

List of Figure
1. Figure Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Industry Chain Structure
2. Figure Global Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Growth 2016-2020, by Type, in USD Million
3. Figure Global Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Growth 2016-2020, by Type, in Volume
4. Figure Global Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Sales Revenue Share in 2020, by Company, in USD Million
5. Figure Global Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Sales Volume Share in 2020, by Company, in Volume
6. Figure North America Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Concentration, in 2020
7. Figure Europe Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Market Concentration, in 2020
8. Figure Asia-Pacific Human Growth Hormone (hGH) MMarket Concentration, in 2020
9. Figure South America Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Concentration, in 2020
10. Figure Middle East & Africa Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Concentration, in 2020
11. Figure Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Demand in Growth Hormone Deficiency, 2016-2020, in USD Million
12. Figure Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Demand in Growth Hormone Deficiency, 2016-2020, in Volume
13. Figure Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Demand in Turner Syndrome, 2016-2020, in USD Million
14. Figure Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Demand in Turner Syndrome, 2016-2020, in Volume
15. Figure Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Demand in Idiopathic Short Stature, 2016-2020, in USD Million
16. Figure Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Demand in Idiopathic Short Stature, 2016-2020, in Volume
17. Figure Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Demand in Prader-Willi Syndrome, 2016-2020, in USD Million
18. Figure Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Demand in Prader-Willi Syndrome, 2016-2020, in Volume
19. Figure Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Demand in Small for Gestational Age, 2016-2020, in USD Million
20. Figure Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Demand in Small for Gestational Age, 2016-2020, in Volume
21. Figure Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Demand in Others, 2016-2020, in USD Million
22. Figure Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Demand in Others, 2016-2020, in Volume
23. Figure Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Growth 2021-2026, by Application, in USD Million
24. Figure Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Share in 2026, by Application, in USD Million
25. Figure North America Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in USD Million
26. Figure North America Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in Volume
27. Figure Europe Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in USD Million
28. Figure Europe Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in Volume
29. Figure Asia-Pacific Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in USD Million
30. Figure Asia-Pacific Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in Volume
31. Figure South America Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in USD Million
32. Figure South America Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in Volume
33. Figure Middle East & Africa Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in USD Million
34. Figure Middle East & Africa Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in Volume
35. Figure Marketing Channels Overview

Smart Personal Protective Equipment Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth Trends And Forecasts (2024-2031)...

The Smart Personal Protective Equipment Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competitive landscape,...

BCD Power IC Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth Trends And Forecasts (2024-2031)...

The BCD Power IC Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competitive landscape, manufacturers/players/...

E-Commerce Logistics Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth Trends And Forecasts (2024-2031)...

The E-Commerce Logistics Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competitive landscape, manufacturers/...

Legal Process Outsourcing Services Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth Trends And Forecasts (2024-2031)...

The Legal Process Outsourcing Services Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competitive landscape, ...

Household Composters Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth Trends And Forecasts (2024-2031)...

The Household Composters Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competitive landscape, manufacturers/...

Remotes Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth Trends And Forecasts (2024-2031)...

The Remotes Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competitive landscape, manufacturers/players/vendo...

Military Aerial Refueling Tanker Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth Trends And Forecasts (2024-2031)...

The Military Aerial Refueling Tanker Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competitive landscape, ma...

Epinephrine Autoinjector Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth Trends And Forecasts (2024-2031)...

The Epinephrine Autoinjector Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competitive landscape, manufactur...

Data Center Liquid Immersion Cooling Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth Trends And Forecasts (2024-2031)...

The Data Center Liquid Immersion Cooling Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competitive landscape...

Smart Buildings Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth Trends And Forecasts (2024-2031)...

The Smart Buildings Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competitive landscape, manufacturers/playe...