2023-2028 Global and Regional Gas Pipe Fittings Industry Status and Prospects Professional Market Research Report Standard Version

  • Report Code : 983528
  • Pages : 161
  • Published On : Aug 2023
  • Industry : Manufacturing and Construction
  • Format :

Choose License Type

Single User License: US$ 3,500
Multi User License: US$ 5,250
Corporate User License: US$ 7,000
The global Gas Pipe Fittings market is expected to reach US$ XX Million by 2028, with a CAGR of XX% from 2023 to 2028, based on HNY Research newly published report.
The prime objective of this report is to provide the insights on the post COVID-19 impact which will help market players in this field evaluate their business approaches. Also, this report covers market segmentation by major market verdors, types, applications/end users and geography(North America, East Asia, Europe, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Middle East, Africa, Oceania, South America).

By Market Verdors:
MUELLER WATER PRODUCTS
LFF GROUP
Charlotte Pipe
Pcfsct
Radius Systems Ltd
Aston Fittings Ltd
Dalian Norpico Pipe Fitting Making Co. Ltd
Ward Manufacturing
GPS PE Pipe Systems
JM Eagle
Sunlion Piping Engineering Co.,Ltd
Plasson USA

By Types:
Metal Pipe Fittings
Plastic Pipe Fittings
Others

By Applications:
General Gas Distribution System
Gas Meter Fixings
Gas Fire Fittings

Key Indicators Analysed
Market Players & Competitor Analysis: The report covers the key players of the industry including Company Profile, Product Specifications, Production Capacity/Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin 2017-2028 & Sales with a thorough analysis of the market's competitive landscape and detailed information on vendors and comprehensive details of factors that will challenge the growth of major market vendors.
Global and Regional Market Analysis: The report includes Global & Regional market status and outlook 2017-2028. Further the report provides break down details about each region & countries covered in the report. Identifying its sales, sales volume & revenue forecast. With detailed analysis by types and applications.
Market Trends: Market key trends which include Increased Competition and Continuous Innovations.
Opportunities and Drivers: Identifying the Growing Demands and New Technology
Porters Five Force Analysis: The report provides with the state of competition in industry depending on five basic forces: threat of new entrants, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of buyers, threat of substitute products or services, and existing industry rivalry.

Key Reasons to Purchase
To gain insightful analyses of the market and have comprehensive understanding of the global market and its commercial landscape.
Assess the production processes, major issues, and solutions to mitigate the development risk.
To understand the most affecting driving and restraining forces in the market and its impact in the global market.
Learn about the market strategies that are being adopted by leading respective organizations.
To understand the future outlook and prospects for the market.
Besides the standard structure reports, we also provide custom research according to specific requirements.
Chapter 1 Industry Overview
1.1 Definition
1.2 Assumptions
1.3 Research Scope
1.4 Market Analysis by Regions
1.4.1 North America Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.2 East Asia Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.3 Europe Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.4 South Asia Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.5 Southeast Asia Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.6 Middle East Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.7 Africa Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.8 Oceania Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.9 South America Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.5 Global Gas Pipe Fittings Market Size Analysis from 2023 to 2028
1.5.1 Global Gas Pipe Fittings Market Size Analysis from 2023 to 2028 by Consumption Volume
1.5.2 Global Gas Pipe Fittings Market Size Analysis from 2023 to 2028 by Value
1.5.3 Global Gas Pipe Fittings Price Trends Analysis from 2023 to 2028
1.6 COVID-19 Outbreak: Gas Pipe Fittings Industry Impact
Chapter 2 Global Gas Pipe Fittings Competition by Types, Applications, and Top Regions and Countries
2.1 Global Gas Pipe Fittings (Volume and Value) by Type
2.1.1 Global Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
2.1.2 Global Gas Pipe Fittings Revenue and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
2.2 Global Gas Pipe Fittings (Volume and Value) by Application
2.2.1 Global Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption and Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
2.2.2 Global Gas Pipe Fittings Revenue and Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
2.3 Global Gas Pipe Fittings (Volume and Value) by Regions
2.3.1 Global Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption and Market Share by Regions (2017-2022)
2.3.2 Global Gas Pipe Fittings Revenue and Market Share by Regions (2017-2022)
Chapter 3 Production Market Analysis
3.1 Global Production Market Analysis
3.1.1 2017-2022 Global Capacity, Production, Capacity Utilization Rate, Ex-Factory Price, Revenue, Cost, Gross and Gross Margin Analysis
3.1.2 2017-2022 Major Manufacturers Performance and Market Share
3.2 Regional Production Market Analysis
3.2.1 2017-2022 Regional Market Performance and Market Share
3.2.2 North America Market
3.2.3 East Asia Market
3.2.4 Europe Market
3.2.5 South Asia Market
3.2.6 Southeast Asia Market
3.2.7 Middle East Market
3.2.8 Africa Market
3.2.9 Oceania Market
3.2.10 South America Market
3.2.11 Rest of the World Market
Chapter 4 Global Gas Pipe Fittings Sales, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2017-2022)
4.1 Global Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption by Regions (2017-2022)
4.2 North America Gas Pipe Fittings Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.3 East Asia Gas Pipe Fittings Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.4 Europe Gas Pipe Fittings Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.5 South Asia Gas Pipe Fittings Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.6 Southeast Asia Gas Pipe Fittings Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.7 Middle East Gas Pipe Fittings Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.8 Africa Gas Pipe Fittings Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.9 Oceania Gas Pipe Fittings Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.10 South America Gas Pipe Fittings Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Chapter 5 North America Gas Pipe Fittings Market Analysis
5.1 North America Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption and Value Analysis
5.1.1 North America Gas Pipe Fittings Market Under COVID-19
5.2 North America Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume by Types
5.3 North America Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Structure by Application
5.4 North America Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption by Top Countries
5.4.1 United States Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
5.4.2 Canada Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
5.4.3 Mexico Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 6 East Asia Gas Pipe Fittings Market Analysis
6.1 East Asia Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption and Value Analysis
6.1.1 East Asia Gas Pipe Fittings Market Under COVID-19
6.2 East Asia Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume by Types
6.3 East Asia Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Structure by Application
6.4 East Asia Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption by Top Countries
6.4.1 China Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
6.4.2 Japan Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
6.4.3 South Korea Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 7 Europe Gas Pipe Fittings Market Analysis
7.1 Europe Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption and Value Analysis
7.1.1 Europe Gas Pipe Fittings Market Under COVID-19
7.2 Europe Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume by Types
7.3 Europe Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Structure by Application
7.4 Europe Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption by Top Countries
7.4.1 Germany Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.2 UK Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.3 France Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.4 Italy Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.5 Russia Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.6 Spain Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.7 Netherlands Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.8 Switzerland Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.9 Poland Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 8 South Asia Gas Pipe Fittings Market Analysis
8.1 South Asia Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption and Value Analysis
8.1.1 South Asia Gas Pipe Fittings Market Under COVID-19
8.2 South Asia Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume by Types
8.3 South Asia Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Structure by Application
8.4 South Asia Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption by Top Countries
8.4.1 India Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
8.4.2 Pakistan Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
8.4.3 Bangladesh Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 9 Southeast Asia Gas Pipe Fittings Market Analysis
9.1 Southeast Asia Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption and Value Analysis
9.1.1 Southeast Asia Gas Pipe Fittings Market Under COVID-19
9.2 Southeast Asia Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume by Types
9.3 Southeast Asia Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Structure by Application
9.4 Southeast Asia Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption by Top Countries
9.4.1 Indonesia Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
9.4.2 Thailand Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
9.4.3 Singapore Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
9.4.4 Malaysia Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
9.4.5 Philippines Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
9.4.6 Vietnam Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
9.4.7 Myanmar Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 10 Middle East Gas Pipe Fittings Market Analysis
10.1 Middle East Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption and Value Analysis
10.1.1 Middle East Gas Pipe Fittings Market Under COVID-19
10.2 Middle East Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume by Types
10.3 Middle East Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Structure by Application
10.4 Middle East Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption by Top Countries
10.4.1 Turkey Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.2 Saudi Arabia Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.3 Iran Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.4 United Arab Emirates Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.5 Israel Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.6 Iraq Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.7 Qatar Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.8 Kuwait Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.9 Oman Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 11 Africa Gas Pipe Fittings Market Analysis
11.1 Africa Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption and Value Analysis
11.1.1 Africa Gas Pipe Fittings Market Under COVID-19
11.2 Africa Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume by Types
11.3 Africa Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Structure by Application
11.4 Africa Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption by Top Countries
11.4.1 Nigeria Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
11.4.2 South Africa Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
11.4.3 Egypt Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
11.4.4 Algeria Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
11.4.5 Morocco Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 12 Oceania Gas Pipe Fittings Market Analysis
12.1 Oceania Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption and Value Analysis
12.2 Oceania Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume by Types
12.3 Oceania Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Structure by Application
12.4 Oceania Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption by Top Countries
12.4.1 Australia Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
12.4.2 New Zealand Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 13 South America Gas Pipe Fittings Market Analysis
13.1 South America Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption and Value Analysis
13.1.1 South America Gas Pipe Fittings Market Under COVID-19
13.2 South America Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume by Types
13.3 South America Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Structure by Application
13.4 South America Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume by Major Countries
13.4.1 Brazil Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.2 Argentina Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.3 Columbia Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.4 Chile Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.5 Venezuela Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.6 Peru Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.7 Puerto Rico Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.8 Ecuador Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 14 Company Profiles and Key Figures in Gas Pipe Fittings Business
14.1 MUELLER WATER PRODUCTS
14.1.1 MUELLER WATER PRODUCTS Company Profile
14.1.2 MUELLER WATER PRODUCTS Gas Pipe Fittings Product Specification
14.1.3 MUELLER WATER PRODUCTS Gas Pipe Fittings Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.2 LFF GROUP
14.2.1 LFF GROUP Company Profile
14.2.2 LFF GROUP Gas Pipe Fittings Product Specification
14.2.3 LFF GROUP Gas Pipe Fittings Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.3 Charlotte Pipe
14.3.1 Charlotte Pipe Company Profile
14.3.2 Charlotte Pipe Gas Pipe Fittings Product Specification
14.3.3 Charlotte Pipe Gas Pipe Fittings Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.4 Pcfsct
14.4.1 Pcfsct Company Profile
14.4.2 Pcfsct Gas Pipe Fittings Product Specification
14.4.3 Pcfsct Gas Pipe Fittings Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.5 Radius Systems Ltd
14.5.1 Radius Systems Ltd Company Profile
14.5.2 Radius Systems Ltd Gas Pipe Fittings Product Specification
14.5.3 Radius Systems Ltd Gas Pipe Fittings Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.6 Aston Fittings Ltd
14.6.1 Aston Fittings Ltd Company Profile
14.6.2 Aston Fittings Ltd Gas Pipe Fittings Product Specification
14.6.3 Aston Fittings Ltd Gas Pipe Fittings Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.7 Dalian Norpico Pipe Fitting Making Co. Ltd
14.7.1 Dalian Norpico Pipe Fitting Making Co. Ltd Company Profile
14.7.2 Dalian Norpico Pipe Fitting Making Co. Ltd Gas Pipe Fittings Product Specification
14.7.3 Dalian Norpico Pipe Fitting Making Co. Ltd Gas Pipe Fittings Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.8 Ward Manufacturing
14.8.1 Ward Manufacturing Company Profile
14.8.2 Ward Manufacturing Gas Pipe Fittings Product Specification
14.8.3 Ward Manufacturing Gas Pipe Fittings Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.9 GPS PE Pipe Systems
14.9.1 GPS PE Pipe Systems Company Profile
14.9.2 GPS PE Pipe Systems Gas Pipe Fittings Product Specification
14.9.3 GPS PE Pipe Systems Gas Pipe Fittings Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.10 JM Eagle
14.10.1 JM Eagle Company Profile
14.10.2 JM Eagle Gas Pipe Fittings Product Specification
14.10.3 JM Eagle Gas Pipe Fittings Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.11 Sunlion Piping Engineering Co.,Ltd
14.11.1 Sunlion Piping Engineering Co.,Ltd Company Profile
14.11.2 Sunlion Piping Engineering Co.,Ltd Gas Pipe Fittings Product Specification
14.11.3 Sunlion Piping Engineering Co.,Ltd Gas Pipe Fittings Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.12 Plasson USA
14.12.1 Plasson USA Company Profile
14.12.2 Plasson USA Gas Pipe Fittings Product Specification
14.12.3 Plasson USA Gas Pipe Fittings Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Chapter 15 Global Gas Pipe Fittings Market Forecast (2023-2028)
15.1 Global Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume, Revenue and Price Forecast (2023-2028)
15.1.1 Global Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.1.2 Global Gas Pipe Fittings Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2 Global Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume, Value and Growth Rate Forecast by Region (2023-2028)
15.2.1 Global Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume and Growth Rate Forecast by Regions (2023-2028)
15.2.2 Global Gas Pipe Fittings Value and Growth Rate Forecast by Regions (2023-2028)
15.2.3 North America Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.4 East Asia Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.5 Europe Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.6 South Asia Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.7 Southeast Asia Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.8 Middle East Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.9 Africa Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.10 Oceania Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.11 South America Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.3 Global Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume, Revenue and Price Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
15.3.1 Global Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
15.3.2 Global Gas Pipe Fittings Revenue Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
15.3.3 Global Gas Pipe Fittings Price Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
15.4 Global Gas Pipe Fittings Consumption Volume Forecast by Application (2023-2028)
15.5 Gas Pipe Fittings Market Forecast Under COVID-19
Chapter 16 Conclusions
Research Methodology

Circuit Status Monitoring System Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth Trends And Forecasts (2024-2031)...

The Circuit Status Monitoring System Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competitive landscape, ma...

Global Advanced Authentication Market (2024 Edition): Analysis By Deployment (Cloud and On-Premise), By Authentication Method, By End Use Industry, By Region, By Country: Market Insights and Forecast (2020-2030)...

Executive Summary Azoth Analytics has released a research report titled "Global Advanced Authentication Market (2024 Edition)" which provides a complete analysis of the Global Advanced Authentication industry in terms of market segmentation By Deployment (Cloud and On-Premise), By Authe...

Internal Passenger Status Monitoring System Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth Trends And Forecasts (2024-2031)...

The Internal Passenger Status Monitoring System Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competitive la...

Professional Exhibition Fairs Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth Trends And Forecasts (2024-2031)...

The Professional Exhibition Fairs Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competitive landscape, manuf...

Global Metaverse Market (2024 Edition): Analysis By Product (Hardware, Software and Services), By Platform, By End User Industry, By Region, By Country: Market Insights and Forecast (2020-2030)...

Executive Summary Azoth Analytics has released a research report titled "Global Metaverse Market (2024 Edition)" which provides a complete analysis of the Global Metaverse industry in terms of market segmentation By Product (Hardware, Software and Services), By Platform (Desktop, Mobile...

Global Classic Car Insurance Market (2024 Edition): Analysis By Vehicle Type (Vintage, and Classic), By Ownership Status, By Channel, By Region, By Country: Market Insights and Forecast (2019-2029)...

Executive Summary Azoth Analytics has released a research report titled "Global Classic Car Insurance Market (2024 Edition)" which provides a complete analysis of the Global Classic Car Insurance industry in terms of market segmentation By Vehicle Type (Vintage, and Classic), By Ownersh...

Global Gas and Flame Detection Products Market (2024 Edition): Analysis By Type (Fixed Gas Detection Systems, and Portable Gas Detection Systems), By Application, By End-Use Industry, By Region, By Country: Market Insights and Forecast (2019-2029)...

Executive Summary Azoth Analytics has released a research report titled "Global Gas and Flame Detection Products Market (2024 Edition)" which provides a complete analysis of the Global Gas and Flame Detection Products industry in terms of market segmentation By Type (Fixed Gas Detection...

Global Professional Hand Hygiene Market 2024...

The professional hand hygiene market offers a comprehensive array of products and solutions meticulously designed to foster effective hand hygiene practices across various professional and institutional environments, including but not limited to healthcare, food service, manufacturing, and hospitali...

Professional Retail Pharmacy Software Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth Trends And Forecasts (2024-2031)...

The Professional Retail Pharmacy Software Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competitive landscap...

Healthcare Linen Cleaning Industry Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth Trends And Forecasts (2024-2031)...

The Healthcare Linen Cleaning Industry Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competitive landscape, ...