We have an updated report [Version - 2023] available. Kindly sign up to get the sample of the report.

Global Aero-engine Market 2019 by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and Application, Forecast to 2027

An aero-engine or aircraft engine is the component of the propulsion system for an aircraft that generates mechanical power. Aircraft engines are almost always either lightweight piston engines or gas turbines, except for small multi copter UAVs which are almost always electric aircraft.

Scope of the Report:
With the development of technology, the global average price of Aero-engine is in the decreasing trend, from 3.07 M M USD/Unit in 2011 to 2.91 M M USD/Unit in 2015. With the situation of global economy, prices will be in decreasing trend in the following five years.
Aero-engine is widely used in Commercial Aircrafts, Military Aircrafts. The most proportion of Aero-engine is Commercial Aircrafts, with 72% market share in 2015.
The worldwide market for Aero-engine is expected to grow at a CAGR of roughly 5.9% over the next five years, will reach 37700 million US$ in 2024, from 26700 million US$ in 2019, according to a new WMR study.
This report focuses on the Aero-engine in global market, especially in North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific, South America, Middle East and Africa. This report categorizes the market based on manufacturers, regions, type and application.

Market Segment by Manufacturers, this report covers
GE
Pratt & Whitney
Rolls-Royce
Safran

Market Segment by Regions, regional analysis covers
North America (United States, Canada and Mexico)
Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy)
Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia)
South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia etc.)
Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa)

Market Segment by Type, covers
Piston Engine
Gas Turbine Engine
Other Engine

Market Segment by Applications, can be divided into
Commercial Aircrafts
Military Aircrafts

The content of the study subjects, includes a total of 15 chapters:
Chapter 1, to describe Aero-engine product scope, market overview, market opportunities, market driving force and market risks.
Chapter 2, to profile the top manufacturers of Aero-engine, with price, sales, revenue and global market share of Aero-engine in 2017 and 2018.
Chapter 3, the Aero-engine competitive situation, sales, revenue and global market share of top manufacturers are analyzed emphatically by landscape contrast.
Chapter 4, the Aero-engine breakdown data are shown at the regional level, to show the sales, revenue and growth by regions, from 2014 to 2019.
Chapter 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, to break the sales data at the country level, with sales, revenue and market share for key countries in the world, from 2014 to 2019.
Chapter 10 and 11, to segment the sales by type and application, with sales market share and growth rate by type, application, from 2014 to 2019.
Chapter 12, Aero-engine market forecast, by regions, type and application, with sales and revenue, from 2019 to 2024.
Chapter 13, 14 and 15, to describe Aero-engine sales channel, distributors, customers, research findings and conclusion, appendix and data source.

Table of Contents

1 Market Overview
1.1 Aero-engine Introduction
1.2 Market Analysis by Type
1.2.1 Piston Engine
1.2.2 Gas Turbine Engine
1.2.3 Other Engine
1.3 Market Analysis by Applications
1.3.1 Commercial Aircrafts
1.3.2 Military Aircrafts
1.4 Market Analysis by Regions
1.4.1 North America (United States, Canada and Mexico)
1.4.1.1 United States Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.1.2 Canada Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.1.3 Mexico Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.2 Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy)
1.4.2.1 Germany Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.2.2 France Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.2.3 UK Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.2.4 Russia Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.2.5 Italy Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.3 Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia)
1.4.3.1 China Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.3.2 Japan Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.3.3 Korea Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.3.4 India Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.3.5 Southeast Asia Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.4 South America, Middle East and Africa
1.4.4.1 Brazil Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.4.2 Egypt Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.4.3 Saudi Arabia Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.4.4 South Africa Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.4.5 Turkey Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.5 Market Dynamics
1.5.1 Market Opportunities
1.5.2 Market Risk
1.5.3 Market Driving Force
2 Manufacturers Profiles
2.1 GE
2.1.1 Business Overview
2.1.2 Aero-engine Type and Applications
2.1.2.1 Product A
2.1.2.2 Product B
2.1.3 GE Aero-engine Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
2.2 Pratt & Whitney
2.2.1 Business Overview
2.2.2 Aero-engine Type and Applications
2.2.2.1 Product A
2.2.2.2 Product B
2.2.3 Pratt & Whitney Aero-engine Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
2.3 Rolls-Royce
2.3.1 Business Overview
2.3.2 Aero-engine Type and Applications
2.3.2.1 Product A
2.3.2.2 Product B
2.3.3 Rolls-Royce Aero-engine Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
2.4 Safran
2.4.1 Business Overview
2.4.2 Aero-engine Type and Applications
2.4.2.1 Product A
2.4.2.2 Product B
2.4.3 Safran Aero-engine Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
3 Global Aero-engine Sales, Revenue, Market Share and Competition by Manufacturer (2017-2018)
3.1 Global Aero-engine Sales and Market Share by Manufacturer (2017-2018)
3.2 Global Aero-engine Revenue and Market Share by Manufacturer (2017-2018)
3.3 Market Concentration Rate
3.3.1 Top 3 Aero-engine Manufacturer Market Share in 2018
3.3.2 Top 6 Aero-engine Manufacturer Market Share in 2018
3.4 Market Competition Trend
4 Global Aero-engine Market Analysis by Regions
4.1 Global Aero-engine Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Regions
4.1.1 Global Aero-engine Sales and Market Share by Regions (2014-2019)
4.1.2 Global Aero-engine Revenue and Market Share by Regions (2014-2019)
4.2 North America Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
4.3 Europe Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
4.4 Asia-Pacific Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
4.5 South America Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
4.6 Middle East and Africa Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
5 North America Aero-engine by Country
5.1 North America Aero-engine Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Country
5.1.1 North America Aero-engine Sales and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
5.1.2 North America Aero-engine Revenue and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
5.2 United States Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
5.3 Canada Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
5.4 Mexico Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
6 Europe Aero-engine by Country
6.1 Europe Aero-engine Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Country
6.1.1 Europe Aero-engine Sales and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
6.1.2 Europe Aero-engine Revenue and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
6.2 Germany Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
6.3 UK Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
6.4 France Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
6.5 Russia Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
6.6 Italy Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
7 Asia-Pacific Aero-engine by Country
7.1 Asia-Pacific Aero-engine Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Country
7.1.1 Asia-Pacific Aero-engine Sales and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
7.1.2 Asia-Pacific Aero-engine Revenue and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
7.2 China Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
7.3 Japan Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
7.4 Korea Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
7.5 India Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
7.6 Southeast Asia Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
8 South America Aero-engine by Country
8.1 South America Aero-engine Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Country
8.1.1 South America Aero-engine Sales and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
8.1.2 South America Aero-engine Revenue and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
8.2 Brazil Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
8.3 Argentina Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
8.4 Colombia Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
9 Middle East and Africa Aero-engine by Countries
9.1 Middle East and Africa Aero-engine Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Country
9.1.1 Middle East and Africa Aero-engine Sales and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
9.1.2 Middle East and Africa Aero-engine Revenue and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
9.2 Saudi Arabia Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
9.3 Turkey Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
9.4 Egypt Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
9.5 Nigeria Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
9.6 South Africa Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
10 Global Aero-engine Market Segment by Type
10.1 Global Aero-engine Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
10.1.1 Global Aero-engine Sales and Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
10.1.2 Global Aero-engine Revenue and Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
10.2 Piston Engine Sales Growth and Price
10.2.1 Global Piston Engine Sales Growth (2014-2019)
10.2.2 Global Piston Engine Price (2014-2019)
10.3 Gas Turbine Engine Sales Growth and Price
10.3.1 Global Gas Turbine Engine Sales Growth (2014-2019)
10.3.2 Global Gas Turbine Engine Price (2014-2019)
10.4 Other Engine Sales Growth and Price
10.4.1 Global Other Engine Sales Growth (2014-2019)
10.4.2 Global Other Engine Price (2014-2019)
11 Global Aero-engine Market Segment by Application
11.1 Global Aero-engine Sales Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
11.2 Commercial Aircrafts Sales Growth (2014-2019)
11.3 Military Aircrafts Sales Growth (2014-2019)
12 Aero-engine Market Forecast (2019-2024)
12.1 Global Aero-engine Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2024)
12.2 Aero-engine Market Forecast by Regions (2019-2024)
12.2.1 North America Aero-engine Market Forecast (2019-2024)
12.2.2 Europe Aero-engine Market Forecast (2019-2024)
12.2.3 Asia-Pacific Aero-engine Market Forecast (2019-2024)
12.2.4 South America Aero-engine Market Forecast (2019-2024)
12.2.5 Middle East and Africa Aero-engine Market Forecast (2019-2024)
12.3 Aero-engine Market Forecast by Type (2019-2024)
12.3.1 Global Aero-engine Sales Forecast by Type (2019-2024)
12.3.2 Global Aero-engine Market Share Forecast by Type (2019-2024)
12.4 Aero-engine Market Forecast by Application (2019-2024)
12.4.1 Global Aero-engine Sales Forecast by Application (2019-2024)
12.4.2 Global Aero-engine Market Share Forecast by Application (2019-2024)
13 Sales Channel, Distributors, Traders and Dealers
13.1 Sales Channel
13.1.1 Direct Marketing
13.1.2 Indirect Marketing
13.1.3 Marketing Channel Future Trend
13.2 Distributors, Traders and Dealers
14 Research Findings and Conclusion
15 Appendix
15.1 Methodology
15.2 Data Source


List of Tables and Figures

Figure Aero-engine Picture
Table Product Specifications of Aero-engine
Figure Global Sales Market Share of Aero-engine by Types in 2018
Table Aero-engine Types for Major Manufacturers
Figure Piston Engine Picture
Figure Gas Turbine Engine Picture
Figure Other Engine Picture
Figure Aero-engine Sales Market Share by Applications in 2018
Figure Commercial Aircrafts Picture
Figure Military Aircrafts Picture
Figure United States Aero-engine Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Canada Aero-engine Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Mexico Aero-engine Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Germany Aero-engine Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure France Aero-engine Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure UK Aero-engine Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Russia Aero-engine Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Italy Aero-engine Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure China Aero-engine Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Japan Aero-engine Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Korea Aero-engine Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure India Aero-engine Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Southeast Asia Aero-engine Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Brazil Aero-engine Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Egypt Aero-engine Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Saudi Arabia Aero-engine Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure South Africa Aero-engine Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Nigeria Aero-engine Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Table GE Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table GE Aero-engine Type and Applications
Table GE Aero-engine Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
Table Pratt & Whitney Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Pratt & Whitney Aero-engine Type and Applications
Table Pratt & Whitney Aero-engine Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
Table Rolls-Royce Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Rolls-Royce Aero-engine Type and Applications
Table Rolls-Royce Aero-engine Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
Table Safran Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Safran Aero-engine Type and Applications
Table Safran Aero-engine Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
Table Global Aero-engine Sales by Manufacturer (2017-2018)
Figure Global Aero-engine Sales Market Share by Manufacturer in 2017
Figure Global Aero-engine Sales Market Share by Manufacturer in 2018
Table Global Aero-engine Revenue by Manufacturer (2017-2018)
Figure Global Aero-engine Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2017
Figure Global Aero-engine Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2018
Figure Top 3 Aero-engine Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2018
Figure Top 6 Aero-engine Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2018
Figure Global Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Global Aero-engine Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Global Aero-engine Sales by Regions (2014-2019)
Table Global Aero-engine Sales Market Share by Regions (2014-2019)
Table Global Aero-engine Revenue by Regions (2014-2019)
Figure Global Aero-engine Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2014
Figure Global Aero-engine Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2018
Figure North America Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Europe Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Asia-Pacific Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure South America Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Middle East and Africa Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure North America Aero-engine Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table North America Aero-engine Sales by Countries (2014-2019)
Table North America Aero-engine Sales Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure North America Aero-engine Sales Market Share by Countries in 2014
Figure North America Aero-engine Sales Market Share by Countries in 2018
Table North America Aero-engine Revenue by Countries (2014-2019)
Table North America Aero-engine Revenue Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure North America Aero-engine Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2014
Figure North America Aero-engine Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2018
Figure United States Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Canada Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Mexico Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Europe Aero-engine Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Europe Aero-engine Sales by Countries (2014-2019)
Table Europe Aero-engine Sales Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Table Europe Aero-engine Revenue by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure Europe Aero-engine Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2017
Figure Europe Aero-engine Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2018
Figure Germany Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure UK Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure France Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Russia Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Italy Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Asia-Pacific Aero-engine Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Asia-Pacific Aero-engine Sales by Countries (2014-2019)
Table Asia-Pacific Aero-engine Sales Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure Asia-Pacific Aero-engine Sales Market Share by Countries 2018
Table Asia-Pacific Aero-engine Revenue by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure Asia-Pacific Aero-engine Revenue Market Share by Countries 2018
Figure China Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Japan Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Korea Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure India Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Southeast Asia Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure South America Aero-engine Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table South America Aero-engine Sales by Countries (2014-2019)
Table South America Aero-engine Sales Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure South America Aero-engine Sales Market Share by Countries in 2018
Table South America Aero-engine Revenue by Countries (2014-2019)
Table South America Aero-engine Revenue Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure South America Aero-engine Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2018
Figure Brazil Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Argentina Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Colombia Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Middle East and Africa Aero-engine Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Middle East and Africa Aero-engine Sales by Countries (2014-2019)
Table Middle East and Africa Aero-engine Sales Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure Middle East and Africa Aero-engine Sales Market Share by Countries in 2018
Table Middle East and Africa Aero-engine Revenue by Countries (2014-2019)
Table Middle East and Africa Aero-engine Revenue Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure Middle East and Africa Aero-engine Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2014
Figure Middle East and Africa Aero-engine Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2018
Figure Saudi Arabia Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure UAE Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Egypt Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Nigeria Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure South Africa Aero-engine Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Global Aero-engine Sales by Type (2014-2019)
Table Global Aero-engine Sales Share by Type (2014-2019)
Table Global Aero-engine Revenue by Type (2014-2019)
Table Global Aero-engine Revenue Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure Global Piston Engine Sales Growth (2014-2019)
Figure Global Piston Engine Price (2014-2019)
Figure Global Gas Turbine Engine Sales Growth (2014-2019)
Figure Global Gas Turbine Engine Price (2014-2019)
Figure Global Other Engine Sales Growth (2014-2019)
Figure Global Other Engine Price (2014-2019)
Table Global Aero-engine Sales by Application (2014-2019)
Table Global Aero-engine Sales Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure Global Military Aircrafts Sales Growth (2014-2019)
Figure Global Aero-engine Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2024)
Table Global Aero-engine Sales Forecast by Regions (2019-2024)
Table Global Aero-engine Market Share Forecast by Regions (2019-2024)
Figure North America Sales Aero-engine Market Forecast (2019-2024)
Figure Europe Sales Aero-engine Market Forecast (2019-2024)
Figure Asia-Pacific Sales Aero-engine Market Forecast (2019-2024)
Figure South America Sales Aero-engine Market Forecast (2019-2024)
Figure Middle East and Africa Sales Aero-engine Market Forecast (2019-2024)
Table Global Aero-engine Sales Forecast by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Aero-engine Market Share Forecast by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Aero-engine Sales Forecast by Application (2019-2024)
Table Global Aero-engine Market Share Forecast by Application (2019-2024)
Table Distributors/Traders/ Dealers List

Choose License Type

Happy To Assist You

Contact Images

We will be happy to help you find what you need. Please call us or write to us:

Frequently Asked Questions

This report incorporates the analysis of factors that augments the market growth. Report presents competitive landscape of the global market. This also provides the scope of different segments and applications that can potentially influence the market in the future. The analysis is based on current market trends and historic growth data. It includes detailed market segmentation, regional analysis, and competitive landscape of the industry.
The report efficiently evaluates the current market size and provides industry forecast. The market was valued at xxx Million US$ in 2019, and is expected to grow at a CAGR of xx% during the period 2020-2027.
The report efficiently evaluates the current market size and provides forecast for the industry in terms of Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Thousands Units).
  • Types
  • Applications
  • Technology
  • End-use Industries
  • Regions
The report share key insights on the following:
  • Current market size
  • Market forecast
  • Market opportunities
  • Key drivers and restraints
  • Regulatory scenario
  • Industry trend
  • Pestle analysis
  • Porter’s analysis
  • New product approvals/launch
  • Promotion and marketing initiatives
  • Pricing analysis
  • Competitive landscape
It helps the businesses in making strategic decisions.
Customization helps the organization to gain insight on specific segments and regions of interest. Thus, WMR offers tailored report information based on business requirement in order to take strategic calls.
Contact us

mapicon
Sales Office (U.S.):
Worldwide Market Reports, 533 Airport Boulevard, Suite 400, Burlingame, CA 94010, United States

mapicon+1-415-871-0703

mapicon
Asia Pacific Intelligence Center (India):
Worldwide Market Reports, 403, 4th Floor, Bremen Business Center, Aundh, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India.

Newsletter

Want us to send you latest updates of the current trends, insights, and more, signup to our newsletter (for alerts, special offers, and discounts).


Secure Payment By:
paymenticon

This website is secured Origin CA certificate on the server, Comodo, Firewall and Verified Sitelock Malware Protection

secureimg

© 2024 Worldwide Market Reports. All Rights Reserved